Enkosi ngokundwendwela i-Nature.com.Usebenzisa uguqulelo lwebrawuza enenkxaso enyiniweyo yeCSS.Ngowona mava angcono, sicebisa ukuba usebenzise isikhangeli esihlaziyiweyo (okanye uvale iModi yokuThelela kwi-Internet Explorer).Ukongeza, ukuqinisekisa inkxaso eqhubekayo, sibonisa indawo ngaphandle kwezitayela kunye neJavaScript.
Uhlobo lwe-316Ti(UNS 31635) yi-Titanium ezinzileyo ye-austenitic chromium-nickel yensimbi engenasici equlethe i-molybdenum.Olu kongeza lunyusa ukuxhathisa kwe-corrosion, luphucula ukuxhathisa kwizisombululo ze-ion ze-chloride kunye nokubonelela ukomelela okongeziweyo kumaqondo obushushu aphakamileyo.Iipropati ziyafana nezo zohlobo lwe-316 ngaphandle kokuba i-316Ti ngenxa yokongezwa kwayo kwe-Titanium ingasetyenziswa kumaqondo obushushu obunyusiweyo.Ukuxhatshazwa kwe-Corrosion kuphuculwe, ngokukodwa ngokuchasene ne-sulfuric, i-hydrochloric, i-acetic, i-formic kunye ne-tartaric acids, i-acid sulfates kunye ne-alkaline chlorides.
Ukwenziwa kweekhemikhali:
| C | Si | Mn | P | S | Cr | Ni | Mo |
| ≤ 0.08 | ≤ 1.0 | ≤ 2.0 | ≤ 0.045 | ≤ 0.03 | 16.0 - 18.0 | 10.0 - 14.0 | 2.0 - 3.0 |
Iipropati: I-Anelled:
Amandla Okugqibela Amandla: 75 KSI min (515 MPa min)
Amandla eSivuno: (0.2% Offset) 30 KSI min (205 MPa min)
Elongation: 40% min
Ubunzima: Rb 95 max
Izilayidi ezibonisa amanqaku amathathu kwisilayidi ngasinye.Sebenzisa amaqhosha angasemva nalandelayo ukuhamba kwizilayidi, okanye amaqhosha okulawula isilayidi ekupheleni ukuya kwisilayidi ngasinye.
Kolu phononongo, i-hydrodynamics ye-flocculation ivavanywa ngovavanyo kunye nophando lwamanani lommandla wesantya sokuqukuqela ophithizelayo kwisikali selabhoratri sokubheqa.Ukuqukuqela kwesiphithiphithi esikhuthaza ukudityaniswa kwamasuntswana okanye ukuqhekeka kwe-floc kuyinkimbinkimbi kwaye kuqwalaselwa kwaye kuthelekiswe kweli phepha kusetyenziswa iimodeli ezimbini zesiphithiphithi, ezizezi SST k-ω kunye ne-IDDES.Iziphumo zibonisa ukuba i-IDDES ibonelela ngophuculo oluncinci kakhulu kwi-SST k-ω, eyaneleyo ukulinganisa ngokuchanekileyo ukuhamba ngaphakathi kwe-paddle flocculator.Amanqaku afanelekileyo asetyenziselwa ukuphanda ukuhlangana kweziphumo ze-PIV kunye ne-CFD, kunye nokuthelekisa iziphumo zemodeli yesiphithiphithi ye-CFD esetyenzisiweyo.Uphononongo luphinde lugxininise ukulinganisa i-slip factor k, eyi-0.18 ngesantya esiphantsi se-3 kunye ne-4 rpm xa kuthelekiswa nexabiso eliqhelekileyo eliqhelekileyo le-0.25.Ukunciphisa i-k ukusuka ku-0.25 ukuya ku-0.18 kwandisa amandla ahanjiswa kulwelo malunga ne-27-30% kwaye kwandisa i-velocity gradient (G) malunga ne-14%.Oku kuthetha ukuba isiphithiphithi esingaphezulu sinikezelwe kunoko bekulindelekile, ngoko ke amandla amancinci asetyenziswa kwaye ke ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kwiyunithi ye-flocculation yeplanti yokucoca amanzi anokuthoba.
Ekuhlanjululeni kwamanzi, ukongezwa kwee-coagulants kuphazamisa iincinci ezincinci ze-colloidal kunye nokungcola, ezithi zidibanise ukwenza i-flocculation kwinqanaba le-flocculation.Iiflakes zibotshelelwe ngokukhululekileyo i-fractal aggregates yobunzima, ezithi zisuswe ngokuzinza.Iimpawu ze-particle kunye neemeko zokuxuba ulwelo zinquma ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-flocculation kunye nenkqubo yonyango.Ukushukuma kufuna uphazamiseko olucothayo ixesha elifutshane ngokwentelekiso kunye namandla amaninzi ukunyakazisa umthamo omkhulu wamanzi1.
Ngexesha le-flocculation, i-hydrodynamics yenkqubo yonke kunye ne-chemistry ye-coagulant-particle interaction inquma umlinganiselo apho ukusabalalisa ubungakanani be-particle emileyo kufezekiswa2.Xa amasuntswana engqubana, ayanamathelana3.I-Oyegbile, i-Ay4 inike ingxelo yokuba ungquzulwano luxhomekeke kwiindlela zothutho lwe-flocculation ye-Brownian diffusion, ukucheba ulwelo kunye nokuhlalisa umahluko.Xa iiflakes zingqubana, zikhula kwaye zifikelele kumda wobungakanani obuthile, obunokubangela ukuphuka, ekubeni iiflakes azikwazi ukumelana namandla e-hydrodynamic forces5.Ezinye zezi flakes zaphukileyo ziphinda zihlangane zibe ezincinci okanye ubungakanani obufanayo6.Nangona kunjalo, iiflakes ezinamandla zinokuxhathisa la mandla kwaye zigcine ubungakanani bazo kwaye zikhule7.U-Yukselen noGregory8 banike ingxelo malunga nezifundo ezinxulumene nokutshatyalaliswa kweeflakes kunye nokukwazi kwabo ukuvuselela, kubonisa ukuba ukungaguquki kulinganiselwe.UBridgeman, Jefferson9 wasebenzisa iCFD ukuqikelela impembelelo yendawo yokuhambahamba okuphakathi kunye nesiphithiphithi ekubunjweni kwefloc kunye nokuqhekeka ngeegradient zesantya sendawo.Kwiitanki ezixhotyiswe ngee-rotor blades, kuyimfuneko ukuhluka kwisantya apho i-aggregates ingqubuzana nezinye iinqununu xa zichithwa ngokwaneleyo kwisigaba sokudibanisa.Ngokusebenzisa i-CFD kunye nezantya ezisezantsi zokujikeleza malunga ne-15 rpm, i-Vadasarukkai kunye ne-Gagnon11 baye bakwazi ukufikelela kwixabiso le-G le-conical paddle flocculation, ngaloo ndlela benciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla okuphazamisa.Nangona kunjalo, ukusebenza kumaxabiso aphezulu e-G kunokukhokelela kwi-flocculation.Baphonononge ifuthe lesantya sokuxuba ekumiseleni umndilili wesantya sokuthambeka kwe-pilot paddle flocculator.Zijikeleza ngesantya esingaphezu kwe-5 rpm.
I-Korpijärvi, i-Ahlstedt12 isebenzise imifuziselo emine eyahlukeneyo yesiphithiphithi ukufunda indawo yokuhambahamba kwibhentshi yovavanyo lwetanki.Balinganise indawo yokuhamba nge-laser Doppler anemometer kunye ne-PIV kwaye bathelekisa iziphumo ezibaliweyo kunye neziphumo ezilinganisiweyo.U-de Oliveira kunye no-Donadel13 bacebise enye indlela yokuqikelela i-velocity gradients kwiipropati ze-hydrodynamic usebenzisa i-CFD.Indlela ecetywayo yavavanywa kwiiyunithi ezintandathu ze-flocculation ezisekelwe kwi-helical geometry.ivavanye umphumo wokugcinwa kwexesha kwi-flocculants kwaye icetywayo imodeli ye-flocculation enokusetyenziswa njengesixhobo sokuxhasa ukuyila kweeseli ezinengqiqo kunye namaxesha okugcinwa okuphantsi14.Zhan, You15 icebise ngeCFD edityanisiweyo kunye nemodeli yebhalansi yabemi ukulinganisa iimpawu zokuhamba kunye nokuziphatha kwefloc kwi-flocculation epheleleyo.I-Llano-Serna, i-Coral-Portillo16 ihlolisise iimpawu zokuhamba kwe-Cox-type hydroflocculator kwindawo yokucoca amanzi e-Viterbo, e-Colombia.Nangona i-CFD ineenzuzo zayo, kukwakho nemida efana neempazamo zamanani ekubaleni.Ngoko ke, naziphi na iziphumo zamanani ezifunyenweyo kufuneka zihlolwe ngononophelo kwaye zihlalutywe ukuze kuthathwe izigqibo ezibalulekileyo17.Kukho izifundo ezimbalwa kuncwadi kuyilo lwe-baffle flocculators ethe tyaba, ngelixa iingcebiso zoyilo lwe-hydrodynamic flocculators zilinganiselwe18.I-Chen, i-Liao19 isebenzise ukuseta kovavanyo olusekwe ekusasazeni ukukhanya kwe-polarized ukulinganisa imeko ye-polarization yokukhanya okuhlakazekileyo ukusuka kumasuntswana ngamanye.I-Feng, i-Zhang20 isebenzise i-Ansys-Fluent ukulinganisa ukuhanjiswa kwee-eddy currents kunye ne-swirl kwindawo yokuhamba ye-coagulated plate flocculator kunye ne-inter-corrugated flocculator.Emva kokulinganisa ukuhamba kolwelo olunesiphithiphithi kwi-flocculator usebenzisa i-Ansys-Fluent, i-Gavi21 isebenzise iziphumo ukuyila i-flocculator.UVaneli kunye noTeixeira22 baxele ukuba ubudlelwane phakathi kwe-fluid dynamics ye-spiral tube flocculators kunye nenkqubo ye-flocculation ayikaqondwa kakuhle ukuxhasa uyilo olunengqiqo.de Oliveira kunye neCosta Teixeira23 bafunde ukusebenza kakuhle kwaye babonisa iipropathi ze-hydrodynamic ze-spiral tube flocculator ngokusebenzisa imifuniselo yefiziksi kunye nokulinganisa kweCFD.Abaphandi abaninzi baye baphonononga ii-actors ezijiyileyo zetyhubhu okanye ii-flocculators ezijiyileyo.Nangona kunjalo, ulwazi oluneenkcukacha lwe-hydrodynamic malunga nokuphendula kwezi zixhobo kuyilo olwahlukeneyo kunye neemeko zokusebenza zisanqongophala (Sartori, Oliveira24; Oliveira, Teixeira25).U-Oliveira kunye noTeixeira26 babonisa iziphumo zoqobo ezivela kwithiyori, yovavanyo kunye nokulinganisa kweCFD ye-spiral flocculator.I-Oliveira kunye ne-Teixeira27 bacebise ukusebenzisa i-coil ye-spiral njenge-coagulation-flocculation reactor ngokudibanisa ne-decanter system eqhelekileyo.Banika ingxelo yokuba iziphumo ezifunyenweyo zokususa i-turbidity ukusebenza ngokufanelekileyo zahluke kakhulu kwezo zifunyenwe ngeemodeli ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo zokuvavanya i-flocculation, becebisa isilumkiso xa usebenzisa iimodeli ezinjalo.I-Moruzzi kunye no-de Oliveira [28] imodeli yokuziphatha kwenkqubo yamagumbi ajikelezayo aqhubekayo phantsi kweemeko ezahlukeneyo zokusebenza, kubandakanywa ukuhluka kwenani lamagumbi asetyenzisiweyo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-gradients ye-cell velocity esisigxina okanye elinganiselwe.Romphophak, Le Men29 imilinganiselo ye-PIV yezantya ezikhawulezileyo kwizicoci zejethi ezinemilinganiselo emibini.Bafumene ujikelezo oluqinileyo oluqhutywa yijethi kwindawo yokuntywila kunye nokuqikelelwa kwamazinga okucheba asekhaya kunye nangoko nangoko.
U-Shah, uJoshi30 unika ingxelo yokuba iCFD ibonelela ngenye indlela enomdla yokuphucula uyilo kunye nokufumana iimpawu zokuqukuqela okubonakalayo.Oku kunceda ukuphepha ukuseta okubanzi kovavanyo.I-CFD isanda kusetyenziswa ukuhlalutya amaziko okucoca amanzi kunye namanzi amdaka (Melo, Freire31; Alalm, Nasr32; Bridgeman, Jefferson9; Samaras, Zouboulis33; Wang, Wu34; Zhang, Tejada-Martínez35).Abaphandi abaninzi baye benza iimvavanyo kwizixhobo zokuvavanya (uBridgeman, Jefferson36; Bridgeman, Jefferson5; Jarvis, Jefferson6; Wang, Wu34) kunye ne-perforated disc flocculators31.Abanye baye basebenzisa i-CFD ukuvavanya i-hydroflocculators (i-Bridgeman, i-Jefferson5; i-Vadasarukkai, i-Gagnon37).I-Ghawi21 inike ingxelo yokuba iiflocculators zoomatshini zifuna ukugcinwa rhoqo njengoko zihlala ziqhekeza kwaye zifuna umbane omninzi.
Ukusebenza kwe-paddle flocculator kuxhomekeke kakhulu kwi-hydrodynamics ye-reservoir.Ukunqongophala kokuqonda kobungakanani bemimandla yesantya sokuhamba kwezo flocculators kuphawulwe ngokucacileyo kuncwadi (Howe, Hand38; Hendricks39).Ubunzima bamanzi bubonke buxhomekeke ekuhambeni kwe-flocculator impeller, ngoko ke kulindeleke ukutyibilika.Ngokuqhelekileyo, isantya solwelo singaphantsi kwesantya seblade nge-slip factor k, echazwa njengomlinganiselo wesantya somzimba wamanzi ukuya kwisantya sevili lokubheqa.I-Bhole40 inike ingxelo yokuba kukho izinto ezintathu ezingaziwayo ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe xa kuyilwa i-flocculator, ezizezi, ukuthambeka kwesantya, i-coefficient yokutsala, kunye nesantya esinxulumeneyo samanzi ngokunxulumene nencakuba.
I-Camp41 ibika ukuba xa kuqwalaselwa oomatshini besantya esiphezulu, isantya simalunga ne-24% yesantya se-rotor kwaye siphezulu kwi-32% kumatshini wesantya esiphantsi.Ukungabikho kwe-septa, i-Droste kunye ne-Ger42 basebenzisa i-ak value ye-0.25, ngelixa kwimeko ye-septa, k isuka kwi-0 ukuya kwi-0.15.Howe, i-Hand38 icebisa ukuba i-k ikuluhlu lwe-0.2 ukuya ku-0.3.I-Hendrix39 inxulumene ne-slip factor kwisantya sokujikeleza usebenzisa i-empirical formula kwaye yagqiba ukuba i-slip factor yayiphakathi koluhlu olusekwe yiCamp41.Bratby43 ingxelo ukuba k imalunga 0.2 isantya impeller ukusuka 1.8 ukuya 5.4 rpm kwaye ukwanda ukuya 0.35 isantya impeller ukusuka 0.9 ukuba 3 rpm.Abanye abaphandi banika ingxelo yoluhlu olubanzi lotsalo (Cd) amaxabiso ukusuka ku-1.0 ukuya ku-1.8 kunye nokutyibilika komlinganiso k amaxabiso ukusuka ku-0.25 ukuya ku-0.40 (Feir neGeyer44; Hyde kunye noLudwig45; Harris, Kaufman46; van Duuren47; kunye ne-4 Brat8by kunye ne-4 Bratby ).Uncwadi alubonisi nkqubela phambili ebalulekileyo ekuchazeni nasekulinganiseni u-k ukususela kumsebenzi weCamp41.
Inkqubo ye-flocculation isekelwe kwisiphithiphithi sokwenza lula ukungqubana, apho i- velocity gradient (G) isetyenziselwa ukulinganisa i-turbulence/flocculation.Ukuxuba yinkqubo yokusasaza ngokukhawuleza kunye nokusabalalisa iikhemikhali emanzini.Iqondo lokuxuba lilinganiswa ngethambeka lesantya:
apho i-G = i-gradient yesantya (i-sec-1), i-P = igalelo lamandla (W), i-V = umthamo wamanzi (m3), μ = i-viscosity eguqukayo (Pa s).
Xa liphezulu ixabiso le-G, kokukhona ixubene.Ukuxutywa ngokucokisekileyo kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuqina okufanayo.Uncwadi lubonisa ukuba iiparameters zoyilo ezibalulekileyo zixuba ixesha (t) kunye ne-velocity gradient (G).Inkqubo ye-flocculation isekelwe kwisiphithiphithi sokwenza lula ukungqubana, apho i- velocity gradient (G) isetyenziselwa ukulinganisa i-turbulence/flocculation.Amaxabiso oyilo aqhelekileyo ku-G ngama-20 ukuya ku-70 s-1, t yi-15 ukuya kwimizuzu engama-30, kwaye i-Gt (engenamda) yi-104 ukuya kwi-105. Amatanki omxube okhawulezayo asebenza kakuhle ngexabiso le-G le-700 ukuya kwi-1000, kunye nexesha lokuhlala. malunga nemizuzu emi-2.
apho i-P ingamandla anikezelwe kulwelo ngencakuba yeflocculator nganye, N sisantya sokujikeleza, b bubude bencakuba, ρ bubuninzi bamanzi, r yiradiyasi, kunye no-k ngumlingane wokutyibilika.Le nxaki isetyenziswa kwiblade nganye kwaye iziphumo zishwankathelwa ukunika amandla apheleleyo egalelo leflocculator.Uphononongo olucokisekileyo lwale nxaki lubonisa ukubaluleka kwe-slip factor k kwinkqubo yoyilo lwe-paddle flocculator.Uncwadi aluchazi elona xabiso lichanekileyo lika k, kodwa endaweni yoko licebisa uluhlu njengoko kuchaziwe ngaphambili.Nangona kunjalo, ubudlelwane phakathi kwamandla P kunye ne-slip coefficient k yi-cubic.Ngaloo ndlela, ukuba zonke iiparameters ziyafana, umzekelo, ukutshintsha i-k ukusuka ku-0.25 ukuya ku-0.3 kuya kukhokelela ekunciphiseni kwamandla adluliselwe kulwelo kwi-blade nganye malunga ne-20%, kunye nokunciphisa i-k ukusuka ku-0.25 ukuya ku-0.18 kuya kukwandisa.malunga ne-27-30% nge-vane nganye Amandla anikezelwe kulwelo.Ekugqibeleni, isiphumo se-k kuyilo oluzinzileyo lwe-flocculator yokubheqa kufuneka iphandwe ngobungakanani bobugcisa.
Ubungakanani obuchanekileyo bobungqina bokutyibilika bufuna ukubonwa okuhambayo kunye nokulinganisa.Ngoko ke, kubalulekile ukuchaza isantya se-tangential ye-blade emanzini kwisantya esithile sokujikeleza kwimigama ehlukeneyo ye-radial ukusuka kwi-shaft kunye nobunzulu obuhlukeneyo ukusuka kumphezulu wamanzi ukwenzela ukuvavanya umphumo weendawo ezahlukeneyo ze-blade.
Kolu phononongo, i-hydrodynamics ye-flocculation ivavanywa ngovavanyo kunye nophando lwamanani lommandla wesantya sokuqukuqela ophithizelayo kwisikali selabhoratri sokubheqa.Imilinganiselo ye-PIV irekhodwa kwi-flocculator, idala ii-contours ze-avareji ye-avareji yesantya ebonisa i-velocity ye-particle yamanzi ejikeleze amagqabi.Ukongeza, i-ANSYS-Fluent CFD yayisetyenziselwa ukulinganisa ukuhamba okujikelezayo ngaphakathi kweflocculator kunye nokudala iicontours zesantya esiphakathi kwexesha.Imodeli yeCFD enesiphumo yaqinisekiswa ngokuvavanya imbalelwano phakathi kweziphumo ze-PIV kunye neCFD.Ugxininiso lwalo msebenzi kukulinganisa i-slip coefficient k, eyi-dimensionless design parameter ye-paddle flocculator.Umsebenzi oboniswe apha unika isiseko esitsha sokulinganisa i-coefficient ye-slip k ngesantya esiphantsi se-3 rpm kunye ne-4 rpm.Iziphumo zeziphumo zinegalelo ngokuthe ngqo ekuqondeni ngcono i-hydrodynamics yetanki ye-flocculation.
I-flocculator ye-laboratory inebhokisi evulekileyo ye-rectangular kunye nobude obupheleleyo be-147 cm, ubude be-39 cm, ububanzi be-118 cm, kunye nobude obupheleleyo be-138 cm (umzobo 1).Iikhrayitheriya zoyilo eziphambili eziphuhliswe yiCamp49 zisetyenziselwe ukuyila i-flocculator yesikali selabhoratri kunye nokusebenzisa imigaqo yohlalutyo lomda.Isibonelelo sovavanyo sakhiwe kwiLebhu yobuNjineli beNdawo yeLebhanon American University (Byblos, Lebanon).
I-axis ethe tye ibekwe kubude be-60 cm ukusuka ezantsi kwaye ithatha amavili amabini e-paddle.Ivili ngalinye lephini lokubheqa liqulathe iipaddles ezi-4 kunye neepaddles ezi-3 kwipaddle nganye kwiipaddles ezili-12 zizonke.I-Flocculation ifuna ukuphazamiseka okuthambileyo kwisantya esisezantsi se-2 ukuya kwi-6 rpm.Izantya ezixhaphakileyo zokuxuba kwi-flocculators ziyi-3 rpm kunye ne-4 rpm.Ukuqukuqela kweflocculator yesikali selabhoratri kuyilelwe ukumela ukuhamba kwikompatimenti yetanki yeflocculation yeplanti yokucoca amanzi okusela.Amandla abalwa kusetyenziswa i-equation yendabuko 42.Kuzo zombini izantya zokujikelezisa, isantya sesantya \(\stackrel{\mathrm{-}}{\text{G}}\) sikhulu kuno-10 \({\text{sec}}^{-{1}}\) , inombolo ye-Reynolds ibonisa ukuhamba kwesiphithiphithi (Itheyibhile 1).
I-PIV isetyenziselwa ukufezekisa imilinganiselo echanekileyo kunye nobuninzi beevekta ze-fluid velocity ngaxeshanye kwinani elikhulu kakhulu lamanqaku50.Ukusekwa kovavanyo kubandakanya i-lab-scale paddle flocculator, inkqubo ye-LaVision ye-PIV (2017), kunye ne-Arduino yangaphandle ye-laser trigger.Ukwenza iiprofayili zesantya somndilili wexesha, imifanekiso ye-PIV yarekhodwa ngokulandelelana kwindawo enye.Inkqubo ye-PIV ilinganiswe ngendlela yokuba indawo ekujoliswe kuyo ibe kumbindi wobude beencakuba ezintathu zengalo ethile yokubheqa.I-trigger yangaphandle iqukethe i-laser ebekwe kwelinye icala lobubanzi be-flocculator kunye ne-sensor receiver kwelinye icala.Ngalo lonke ixesha ingalo ye-flocculator ivimba indlela ye-laser, isibonakaliso sithunyelwa kwinkqubo ye-PIV ukubamba umfanekiso nge-laser ye-PIV kunye nekhamera ehambelanayo kunye neyunithi yokucwangcisa ixesha.Kwikhiwane.I-2 ibonisa ukufakwa kwenkqubo ye-PIV kunye nenkqubo yokufumana umfanekiso.
Ukurekhodwa kwe-PIV kwaqalwa emva kokuba i-flocculator iqhutywe kwi-5-10 min ukuze ilungele ukuhamba kwaye ithathele ingqalelo i-index index ye-refractive efanayo.Ukulinganisa kufezekiswa ngokusebenzisa ipleyiti yokulinganisa ifakwe kwi-flocculator kwaye ibekwe kwindawo ephakathi yobude be-blade yomdla.Lungisa indawo ye-laser ye-PIV ukwenza i-flat sheet light sheet ngqo phezu kwepleyiti yokulinganisa.Rekhoda amaxabiso alinganisiweyo kwisantya ngasinye sokujikeleza kweblade nganye, kunye nezantya zokujikeleza ezikhethiweyo kuvavanyo yi-3 rpm kunye ne-4 rpm.
Kuko konke ushicilelo lwe-PIV, ikhefu lexesha phakathi kwee-laser pulses ezimbini lamiselwa kuluhlu ukusuka kwi-6900 ukuya kwi-7700 µs, evumele ubuncinci bokufuduka kweepikseli ezi-5.Uvavanyo lokulinga lwenziwa kwinani lemifanekiso efunekayo ukuze kufunyanwe imilinganiselo echanekileyo yexesha eliphakathi.Izibalo zeVector zithelekiswe kwiisampuli eziqulethe i-40, i-50, i-60, i-80, i-100, i-120, i-160, i-200, i-240, kunye ne-280 imifanekiso.Isampulu yesampulu yemifanekiso engama-240 yafunyanwa ukunika iziphumo ezizinzileyo ze-avareji yexesha linikezwe ukuba umfanekiso ngamnye unezakhelo ezimbini.
Ekubeni ukuhamba kwi-flocculator kuphazamisekile, iwindow encinci yokubuza imibuzo kunye nenani elikhulu leengqungquthela ezifunekayo ukuxazulula izakhiwo ezincinci eziphazamisayo.Ukuphindaphinda okuphindaphindiweyo kokunciphisa ubungakanani kusetyenziswa kunye ne-algorithm yokudibanisa i-cross-correlation ukuqinisekisa ukuchaneka.Ubungakanani bokuqala befestile yokuvota ye-48 × 48 pixels kunye ne-50% yokudibanisa kunye nenkqubo enye yokulungelelanisa ilandelwa yifestile yokugqibela yokuvota ye-32 × 32 pixels kunye ne-100% yokugqithisa kunye neenkqubo ezimbini zokulungelelanisa.Ukongezelela, ii-glass spheres ezingenanto zisetyenziswe njengembewu yembewu ekuhambeni, eyavumela ubuncinane ubuncinane be-10 ngefestile yokuvota.Ukurekhodwa kwe-PIV kuqalwa ngumthombo we-trigger ngaphakathi kwe-Programmable Timing Unit (PTU), ejongene nokusebenza kunye nokuvumelanisa umthombo we-laser kunye nekhamera.
Iphakheji ye-CFD yorhwebo i-ANSYS Fluent v 19.1 isetyenziselwe ukuphuhlisa imodeli ye-3D kunye nokusombulula i-equations flow equations.
Ukusebenzisa i-ANSYS-Fluent, imodeli ye-3D ye-labhoratri-scale paddle flocculator yenziwa.Imodeli yenziwe ngendlela yebhokisi yoxande, equlethwe ngamavili amabini e-paddle afakwe kwi-axis ethe tye, njengemodeli yebhubhoratri.Imodeli ngaphandle kwe-freeboard i-108 cm ubude, i-118 cm ububanzi kunye ne-138 cm ubude.Inqwelomoya ye-cylindrical ethe tye yongezwe malunga nomxube.Ukuveliswa kwendiza ye-Cylindrical kufuneka kuphunyezwe ukujikeleza komxube wonke ngexesha lesigaba sokufakela kwaye ukulinganisa ummandla ojikelezayo ojikelezayo ngaphakathi kwe-flocculator, njengoko kuboniswe kwi-Fig. 3a.
I-3D ANSYS-etyibilikayo kunye nemodeli yejiyometri idayagram, i-ANSYS-fluent flocculator body mesh kwiplane yomdla, ANSYS-fluent diagram kwiplane yomdla.
Ijometri yemodeli ineengingqi ezimbini, nganye kuzo ilulwelo.Oku kuphunyezwa kusetyenziswa umsebenzi wokuthabatha onengqiqo.Okokuqala thabatha i-cylinder (kuquka umxube) ukusuka kwibhokisi ukumela ulwelo.Emva koko susa umxube kwi-cylinder, okubangelwa izinto ezimbini: umxube kunye nolwelo.Ekugqibeleni, i-interface ye-sliding isetyenziswe phakathi kweendawo ezimbini: i-cylinder-cylinder interface kunye ne-cylinder-mixer interface (umzobo 3a).
Ukudityaniswa kweemodeli ezakhiweyo kugqityiwe ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zemifuziselo yesiphithiphithi eya kusetyenziswa ukuqhuba ukulinganisa kwamanani.Kusetyenziswe umnatha ongalungiswanga onemigangatho eyandisiweyo kufutshane nomphezulu oqinileyo.Yenza i-expansion layers yazo zonke iindonga ngezinga lokukhula kwe-1.2 ukuqinisekisa ukuba iipateni zokuhamba ezintsonkothileyo zibanjiwe, kunye nobukhulu bokuqala be-\(7\mathrm{ x {10}^{-4}\) m ukuqinisekisa ukuba \ ( {\ okubhaliweyo {y))^{+}\le 1.0\).Ubungakanani bomzimba buhlengahlengiswa kusetyenziswa indlela yokulinganisa i-tetrahedron.Ubungakanani becala langaphambili leendlela ezimbini zojongano kunye nobukhulu be element ye 2.5 × \({10}^{-3}\) m yenziwe, kunye nobukhulu bomxhubi we-9 × \({10}^{-3}\) m ifakiwe.Umnatha owenziweyo wokuqala wawuquka izinto ezingama-2144409 (Umfanekiso 3b).
Imodeli yesiphithiphithi separameter k–ε yakhethwa njengemodeli yesiseko sokuqala.Ukulinganisa ngokuchanekileyo ukujikeleza okujikelezayo ngaphakathi kweflocculator, imodeli ebiza kakhulu ekhompyutheni yakhethwa.Ukuqukuqela okujikelezayo okujikelezayo ngaphakathi kweflocculator kwaphandwa ngokwamanani kusetyenziswa iimodeli ezimbini zeCFD: SST k–ω51 kunye ne-IDDES52.Iziphumo zazo zombini iimodeli zathelekiswa neziphumo zovavanyo ze-PIV zokuqinisekisa iimodeli.Okokuqala, imodeli ye-SST k-ω turbulence yimodeli ye-viscosity ene-equation-equation ezimbini kusetyenziso lwe-fluid dynamics.Le yimodeli engumxube edibanisa i-Wilcox k-ω kunye ne-k-ε imifuziselo.Umsebenzi wokuxuba wenza imodeli yeWilcox isebenze kufutshane nodonga kunye nemodeli ye-k-ε ekuhambeni okuzayo.Oku kuqinisekisa ukuba imodeli echanekileyo isetyenziswa kuyo yonke indawo yokuhamba.Iqikelela ngokuchanekileyo ukwahlukana okuhambayo ngenxa yoxinzelelo olubi loxinzelelo.Okwesibini, i-Advanced Deferred Eddy Simulation (IDDES) indlela, esetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwi-Individual Eddy Simulation (DES) imodeli kunye ne-SST k-ω Rans (i-Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes) imodeli, yakhethwa.I-IDDES luhlobo oluxubileyo lwe-RANS-LES (ukulinganisa i-eddy enkulu) ebonelela ngemodeli yokulinganisa eguquguqukayo kunye neyomsebenzisi-friendly (SRS) yokulinganisa.Isekwe kwimodeli ye-LES ukusombulula iieddies ezinkulu kunye nokubuyela kwi-SST k-ω ukulinganisa ama-eddies amancinci.Uhlalutyo lwamanani lweziphumo ezivela kwi-SST k–ω kunye nee-IDDES zokulinganisa zathelekiswa neziphumo ze-PIV zokuqinisekisa imodeli.
Imodeli yesiphithiphithi separameter k–ε yakhethwa njengemodeli yesiseko sokuqala.Ukulinganisa ngokuchanekileyo ukujikeleza okujikelezayo ngaphakathi kweflocculator, imodeli ebiza kakhulu ekhompyutheni yakhethwa.Ukuqukuqela okujikelezayo okujikelezayo ngaphakathi kweflocculator kwaphandwa ngokwamanani kusetyenziswa iimodeli ezimbini zeCFD: SST k–ω51 kunye ne-IDDES52.Iziphumo zazo zombini iimodeli zathelekiswa neziphumo zovavanyo ze-PIV zokuqinisekisa iimodeli.Okokuqala, imodeli ye-SST k-ω turbulence yimodeli ye-viscosity ene-equation-equation ezimbini kusetyenziso lwe-fluid dynamics.Le yimodeli engumxube edibanisa i-Wilcox k-ω kunye ne-k-ε imifuziselo.Umsebenzi wokuxuba wenza imodeli yeWilcox isebenze kufutshane nodonga kunye nemodeli ye-k-ε ekuhambeni okuzayo.Oku kuqinisekisa ukuba imodeli echanekileyo isetyenziswa kuyo yonke indawo yokuhamba.Iqikelela ngokuchanekileyo ukwahlukana okuhambayo ngenxa yoxinzelelo olubi loxinzelelo.Okwesibini, i-Advanced Deferred Eddy Simulation (IDDES) indlela, esetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwi-Individual Eddy Simulation (DES) imodeli kunye ne-SST k-ω Rans (i-Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes) imodeli, yakhethwa.I-IDDES luhlobo oluxubileyo lwe-RANS-LES (ukulinganisa i-eddy enkulu) ebonelela ngemodeli yokulinganisa eguquguqukayo kunye neyomsebenzisi-friendly (SRS) yokulinganisa.Isekwe kwimodeli ye-LES ukusombulula iieddies ezinkulu kunye nokubuyela kwi-SST k-ω ukulinganisa ama-eddies amancinci.Uhlalutyo lwamanani lweziphumo ezivela kwi-SST k–ω kunye nee-IDDES zokulinganisa zathelekiswa neziphumo ze-PIV zokuqinisekisa imodeli.
Sebenzisa isicombululi sexeshana esisekwe kuxinzelelo kwaye usebenzise umxhuzulane kwicala le-Y.Ujikelezo luphunyezwa ngokunikezela isindululo somnatha kumxube, apho imvelaphi ye-axis ejikelezayo isembindini we-axis ethe tye kwaye isalathiso se-axis yokujikeleza sikwicala lika-Z.Ujongano lomnatha lwenzelwe yomibini imodeli yejometri ujongano, okukhokelela kwincam ezimbini zebhokisi.Njengoko kubuchule bokulinga, isantya sokujikeleza sihambelana ne-3 kunye ne-4 revolutions.
Iimeko zomda weendonga zomxube kunye ne-flocculator zibekwe eludongeni, kwaye ukuvulwa okuphezulu kwe-flocculator kubekwe yi-outlet kunye noxinzelelo lwe-zero gauge (Umfanekiso 3c).I-SIMPLE isikimu sonxibelelwano lwesantya soxinzelelo, i-discretization yendawo ye-gradient yemisebenzi ye-second-order kunye nazo zonke iiparitha ezisekelwe kwizinto ezincinci zezikwere.Iinqobo zokudibanisa yazo zonke iiguquguquko zokuqukuqela yintsalela enezikali 1 x \({10}^{-3}\).Inani eliphezulu lokuphindaphinda kwinqanaba lexesha li-20, kwaye ubungakanani benyathelo lexesha lihambelana nokujikeleza kwe-0.5 °.Isisombululo sidibanisa kwi-8th iteration ye-SST k–ω imodeli kunye nokuphindaphinda kwe-12 usebenzisa i-IDDES.Ukongezelela, inani lamanyathelo exesha libalwe ukwenzela ukuba umxubi enze ubuncinane ukuguqulwa kwe-12.Faka isicelo sesampulu yedatha yezibalo zexesha emva kokujikeleza kwe-3, evumela ukuqheleka kokuhamba, okufana nenkqubo yovavanyo.Ukuthelekisa imveliso yesantya sojiko kwirevolution nganye inika iziphumo ezifanayo zoguqulo olune zokugqibela, ebonisa ukuba imeko ezinzileyo ifikelelwe.Iirevs ezongezelelweyo aziphuculanga iicontours zesantya esiphakathi.
Isinyathelo sexesha sichazwa ngokumalunga nesantya sokujikeleza, i-3 rpm okanye i-4 rpm.Isinyathelo sexesha sihlanjululwe kwixesha elifunekayo ukujikeleza umxube nge-0.5 °.Oku kuvela kwanele, ekubeni isisombululo sidibanisa ngokulula, njengoko kuchazwe kwicandelo langaphambili.Ngaloo ndlela, zonke izibalo zamanani kuzo zombini iimodeli zeziphithiphithi zenziwa kusetyenziswa inyathelo lexesha elilungisiweyo le-0.02 \(\stackrel{\mathrm{-}}{7}\) ye-3 rpm, 0.0208 \(\stackrel{\mathrm{-} {3}\) 4 rpm.Kwinqanaba lexesha lokucokisa elinikiweyo, inombolo yeCourant yeseli isoloko ingaphantsi kwe-1.0.
Ukuphonononga ukuxhomekeka kwe-model-mesh, iziphumo zafunyanwa kuqala kusetyenziswa i-2.14M ye-mesh yokuqala kwaye emva koko i-2.88M ye-mesh ephuculweyo.Ukucocwa kwegridi kufezekiswa ngokunciphisa ubungakanani beseli yomxube womxube ukusuka kwi-9 × \ ({10} ^{-3}\) m ukuya kwi-7 × \({10}^{-3}\) m.Kwimeshes yantlandlolo kunye nesulungekileyo yeemodeli ezimbini zesiphithiphithi, amaxabiso aphakathi kweemodyuli zesantya kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo ezijikeleze iblade athelekiswa.Umahluko wepesenti phakathi kweziphumo yi-1.73% yemodeli ye-SST k–ω kunye ne-3.51% yemodeli ye-IDDES.I-IDDES ibonisa umahluko wepesenti ephezulu kuba luhlobo oluxubileyo lwe-RANS-LES imodeli.Lo mahluko uthathwa njengento engabalulekanga, ngoko ke ukulinganisa kwenziwa kusetyenziswa i-mesh yokuqala kunye ne-2.14 yezigidi zezinto kunye nexesha lokujikeleza le-0.5 °.
Ukuveliswa kwakhona kweziphumo zovavanyo kwavavanywa ngokwenza nganye kwiimvavanyo ezintandathu okwesibini kwaye kuthelekiswe iziphumo.Thelekisa amaxabiso esantya kumbindi weblade kuthotho lwezilingo ezimbini.Umyinge wepesenti umahluko phakathi kwamaqela amabini ovavanyo wawuyi-3.1%.Inkqubo ye-PIV yaphinda yahlengahlengiswa ngokuzimeleyo kumfuniselo ngamnye.Thelekisa isantya esibalwe ngocazululo kumbindi weblade nganye kunye nesantya sePIV kwindawo enye.Olu thelekiso lubonisa umahluko ngempazamo enkulu yepesenti ye-6.5% yeblade 1.
Ngaphambi kokulinganisa i-slip factor, kuyimfuneko ukuqonda ngokwesayensi ingcamango yokutyibilika kwi-flocculator ye-paddle, efuna ukufunda isakhiwo sokuhamba ngokujikeleza iipali ze-flocculator.Ngokwengqiqo, i-coefficient ye-slip yakhiwe kwi-design ye-paddle flocculators ukuba ithathele ingqalelo isantya seeblades ngokumalunga namanzi.Uncwadi lucebisa ukuba esi santya sibe yi-75% yesantya se-blade, ngoko ke uninzi loyilo luqhele ukusebenzisa i-ak ye-0.25 ukuxela ngolu hlengahlengiso.Oku kufuna ukusetyenziswa kolungelelwaniso lwesantya olusuka kwimifuniselo ye-PIV ukuqonda ngokupheleleyo intsimi yesantya sokuqukuqela kunye nokufunda esi siliphu.Iblade 1 yeyona blade yangaphakathi ekufutshane neshaft, iblade yesi-3 yeyona blade yangaphandle, kwaye iblade yesi-2 yiblade ephakathi.
Isantya sokuhamba kwi-blade 1 sibonisa ukuhamba okujikelezayo ngokuthe ngqo kwi-blade.Ezi zindlela zokuhamba ziphuma kwindawo kwicala lasekunene le-blade, phakathi kwe-rotor kunye ne-blade.Ukujonga indawo eboniswe ngebhokisi ebomvu ebomvu kwi-Figure 4a, kuyathakazelisa ukuchonga enye inkalo ye-recirculation flow over and around the blade.Umboniso oqukuqelayo ubonisa ukuhamba okuncinci kummandla wojikelezo.Oku kuhamba kusondela ukusuka kwicala lasekunene le-blade ekuphakameni malunga ne-6 cm ukusuka ekupheleni kwe-blade, mhlawumbi ngenxa yempembelelo yecala lokuqala lesandla esandulela i-blade, ebonakalayo emfanekisweni.Ukuboniswa okuhambayo kwi-4 rpm kubonisa ukuziphatha okufanayo kunye nesakhiwo, ngokubonakalayo kunye nezantya eziphezulu.
Intsimi yesantya kunye neegrafu zangoku zeeblade ezintathu kwizantya ezimbini zokujikeleza kwe-3 rpm kunye ne-4 rpm.Isantya esiphezulu somndilili wee-blades ezintathu kwi-3 rpm yi-0.15 m / s, 0.20 m / s kunye ne-0.16 m / s ngokulandelanayo, kunye nesantya esiphezulu se-4 rpm ngu-0.15 m / s, 0.22 m / s kunye ne-0.22 m / s, ngokulandelelanayo.kumaphepha amathathu.
Olunye uhlobo lokuhamba kwe-helical lufunyenwe phakathi kwe-vanes 1 kunye ne-2. Intsimi ye-vector ibonisa ngokucacileyo ukuba ukuhamba kwamanzi kuhambela phezulu ukusuka ezantsi kwe-vane 2, njengoko kuboniswe ngulwalathiso lwe-vector.Njengoko kubonisiwe kwibhokisi enamachaphaza kumfanekiso we-4b, ezi vectors azihambi ngokuthe nkqo phezulu ukusuka kumphezulu we-blade, kodwa zijikela ngasekunene kwaye ngokuthe ngcembe zehle.Kwi-surface ye-1 ye-blade, ii-vectors ezisezantsi ziyahlukana, ezisondela kuzo zombini ii-blade kwaye zijikeleze ukusuka kwi-recirculation flow flow phakathi kwabo.Isakhiwo esifanayo sokuhamba sinqunywe kuzo zombini isantya sokujikeleza kunye nesantya esiphezulu se-amplitude ye-4 rpm.
Intsimi yesantya ye-3 ye-blade ayenzi igalelo elibalulekileyo kwi-vector ye-velocity ye-blade yangaphambili edibanisa ukuhamba ngaphantsi kwe-blade 3. Ukuhamba okuphambili phantsi kwe-blade 3 kubangelwa i-vector ye-vertical velocity ephakama ngamanzi.
Iivectors zesantya phezu komphezulu we-blade 3 zinokwahlulwa zibe ngamaqela amathathu, njengoko kubonisiwe kumfanekiso we-4c.Isethi yokuqala iseti kwicala lasekunene leblade.Isakhiwo sokuhamba kule ndawo sithe tye ukuya ekunene nangaphezulu (oko kukuthi ukuya kwi-blade 2).Iqela lesibini liphakathi kweblade.Ivector yesantya yale ndawo iqondiswe ngqo phezulu, ngaphandle kokutenxa kwaye ngaphandle kokujikeleza.Ukuncipha kwexabiso lesantya kunqunywe ngokunyuka kokuphakama ngaphezu kokuphela kwe-blade.Kwiqela lesithathu, elikwi-periphery ekhohlo yee-blades, ukuhamba ngokukhawuleza kuqondiswe ngasekhohlo, oko kukuthi kudonga lwe-flocculator.Uninzi lokuhamba olumelwe yi-vector ye-velocity iya phezulu, kwaye inxalenye yokuhamba ihamba ngokuthe tye phantsi.
Iimodeli ezimbini zesiphithiphithi, i-SST k–ω kunye ne-IDDES, zisetyenziselwe ukwakha iiprofayili zesantya somndilili wexesha le-3 rpm kunye ne-4 rpm kwi-blade ithetha ubude bendiza.Njengoko kubonisiwe kuMfanekiso 5, imeko ezinzileyo iphunyezwa ngokufezekisa ukufana ngokupheleleyo phakathi kweecontours zesantya ezenziwe ngokujikeleza okune okulandelelanayo.Ukongezelela, i-contours ye-velocity ye-avareji yexesha eliveliswa yi-IDDES iboniswe kwi-Fig. 6a, ngelixa i-profiles ye-avareji yesantya eyenziwe yi-SST k - ω iboniswe kwi-Fig. 6a.6b.
Ukusebenzisa i-IDDES kunye ne-avareji yesantya selophu yesantya eyenziwe yi-SST k–ω, i-IDDES inomlinganiselo ophezulu welophu yesantya.
Hlola ngokucophelela iphrofayili yesantya eyenziwe nge-IDDES kwi-3 rpm njengoko kuboniswe kuMzobo 7. Umxube ujikeleza nge-clockwise kwaye ukuhamba kuxoxwa ngokuhambelana namanqaku abonisiwe.
Kwikhiwane.I-7 inokubonwa ukuba phezu kwe-blade 3 kwi-quadrant ye-I kukho ukuhlukana kokuhamba, ekubeni ukuhamba akuthinteli ngenxa yobukho bomngxuma ophezulu.Kwi-quadrant II akukho ukuhlukana kokuhamba kubonwa, ekubeni ukuhamba kunqunyelwe ngokupheleleyo ngeendonga ze-flocculator.Kwi-quadrant III, amanzi ajikeleza ngesantya esiphantsi kakhulu okanye esisezantsi kunama-quadrants angaphambili.Amanzi akwiquadrants I no-II ayasuswa (oko kukuthi ajikeleziswa okanye atyhalelwe ngaphandle) ezantsi ngesenzo somxube.Kwaye kwi-quadrant III, amanzi atyhalwa ngaphandle ngamacangci e-agitator.Kucacile ukuba ubunzima bamanzi kule ndawo buchasa umkhono we-flocculator osondelayo.Ukuhamba okujikelezayo kule quadrant kwahlulwe ngokupheleleyo.Kwi-quadrant IV, uninzi lokuhamba komoya ngaphezulu kwe-vane 3 lujolise kudonga lweflocculator kwaye ngokuthe ngcembe luphulukana nobungakanani bayo njengoko ukuphakama kunyuka ukuya kwindawo ephezulu.
Ukongezelela, indawo esembindini ibandakanya iipatheni zokuhamba eziyinkimbinkimbi ezilawula i-quadrants III kunye ne-IV, njengoko kuboniswe ngamachaphaza aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.Le ndawo iphawulweyo ayinanto yakwenza nokujikeleza okujikelezayo kwi-paddle flocculator, njengoko intshukumo ejikelezayo inokuchongwa.Oku kuhluke kwii-quadrants I kunye ne-II apho kukho ukuhlukana okucacileyo phakathi kokuhamba kwangaphakathi kunye nokuhamba okujikelezayo okupheleleyo.
Njengoko kubonisiwe kwifig.I-6, ngokuthelekisa iziphumo ze-IDDES kunye ne-SST k-ω, umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwee-contours ze-velocity ubukhulu besantya ngokukhawuleza ngaphantsi kwe-blade 3. I-SST k-ω imodeli ibonisa ngokucacileyo ukuba ukuhamba kwesantya esiphezulu esandisiweyo siqhutywa yi-blade 3. xa kuthelekiswa nee-IDDES.
Omnye umehluko unokufumaneka kwi-quadrant III.Ukususela kwi-IDDES, njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngaphambili, ukwahlukana okujikelezayo okujikelezayo phakathi kweengalo ze-flocculator kwaphawulwa.Nangona kunjalo, esi sikhundla sichaphazeleka kakhulu ngokuhamba kwesantya esisezantsi ukusuka kwiimbombo kunye nengaphakathi le-blade yokuqala.Ukusuka kwi-SST k–ω kwindawo enye, imigca yecontour ibonisa isantya esiphezulu xa kuthelekiswa ne-IDDES kuba akukho mqukuqelo odibeneyo osuka kweminye imimandla.
Ukuqonda okusemgangathweni kwemimandla yevektha yesantya kunye neendlela ezilungelelanisiweyo ziyafuneka ukuze kuqondwe ngokuchanekileyo indlela yokuziphatha kunye nolwakhiwo.Njengoko iblade nganye inobubanzi obu-5 cm, iindawo zesantya ezisixhenxe zikhethwe ngapha kobubanzi ukuze zibonelele ngeprofayile yesantya esimele.Ukongezelela, ukuqonda ubungakanani bobungakanani besantya njengomsebenzi wokuphakama ngaphezu komgangatho we-blade kuyadingeka ngokucwangcisa iphrofayili yesantya ngokuthe ngqo phezu kwendawo nganye ye-blade kunye nomgama oqhubekayo we-2.5 cm ngokuthe nkqo ukuya kubude be-10 cm.Jonga i-S1, i-S2 kunye ne-S3 kumfanekiso ngolwazi olungakumbi.Isihlomelo A. Umzobo we-8 ubonisa ukufana kokuhanjiswa kwesantya esiphezulu kwi-blade nganye (Y = 0.0) efunyenwe ngokusebenzisa iimvavanyo ze-PIV kunye nohlalutyo lwe-ANSYS-Fluent usebenzisa i-IDDES kunye ne-SST k-ω.Zomibini iimodeli zamanani zenza ukuba kube lula ukulinganisa ngokuchanekileyo isakhiwo sokuhamba kumphezulu wee-flocculator blades.
Ukuhanjiswa kwesantya PIV, IDDES kunye ne-SST k–ω kumphezulu weblade.I-x-axis imele ububanzi bephepha ngalinye kwiimilimitha, kunye nemvelaphi (0 mm) emele iperiphery yasekhohlo yeshiti kunye nesiphelo (50 mm) emele iperiphery yasekunene yephepha.
Kubonwa ngokucacileyo ukuba ukuhanjiswa kwesantya seeblades 2 kunye ne-3 kuboniswe kwi-Fig.8 kunye ne-Fig.8.I-S2 kunye ne-S3 kwi-Appendix A ibonisa iindlela ezifanayo kunye nokuphakama, ngelixa i-blade 1 itshintsha ngokuzimeleyo.Iiprofayili zesantya se-2 kunye ne-3 ziba ngokuthe ngqo kwaye zine-amplitude efanayo ekuphakameni kwe-10 cm ukusuka ekupheleni kwe-blade.Oku kuthetha ukuba ukuhamba kuya kuba yinto efanayo ngeli xesha.Oku kubonakala ngokucacileyo kwiziphumo ze-PIV, eziveliswa kakuhle yi-IDDES.Ngeli xesha, iziphumo ze-SST k–ω zibonisa umahluko othile, ngakumbi kwi-4 rpm.
Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba i-blade 1 igcina imo efanayo yeprofayili yesantya kuzo zonke izikhundla kwaye ayiqhelekanga ukuphakama, ekubeni i-swirl eyenziwe embindini womxube iqulethe i-blade yokuqala yazo zonke iingalo.Kwakhona, xa kuthelekiswa ne-IDDES, iiprofayili zesantya se-PIV blade 2 kunye ne-3 zibonise amaxabiso esantya esiphezulu kancinci kwiindawo ezininzi de ziphantse zilingane kwi-10 cm ngaphezulu komphezulu weblade.
Ixesha lokuposa: Feb-26-2023