I-347 yensimbi engenasici yokwakheka kweekhemikhali Ubungakanani begazi le-venous okanye le-capillary, elikhethekileyo kwi-SARS-CoV-2, iimpendulo ze-T-cell zimisela ukungakhuseleki kwi-COVID-19.

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347 ukwakheka kweekhemikhali zensimbi engenasici

Insimbi engenaStainless 347 Coil Tube Chemical Ukubunjwa

Ukwakhiwa kweekhemikhali kunye neepropathi zoomatshini zensimbi engenasici 347 ityhubhu yekhoyili zezi zilandelayo:
- Carbon - 0.030% max
-Chromium – 17-19%
-Nickel – 8-10.5%
IManganese – 1% max

Steel 347 Coil Tube Mechanical Properties Properties

NgokoMvelisi weCoil Tube yeStainless Steel 347, iiPropati zoomatshini ze347 Coil Tube:
- Amandla e-Tensile (psi) - 75,000 min
- Amandla eSivuno (psi) - 30,000 min
- Elongation (% kwi-2″) - 25% min
- Ukuqina kweBrinell (BHN) - 170 max

Usetyenziso kunye nokuSetyenziswa kweNsimbi engatyiwa 347 yeCoil Tube

• I-Stainless Steel 347 Coil Tube esetyenziswa kwiiMill zeShukela.
• I-Stainless Steel 347 Coil Tube esetyenziswa kwisichumisi.
• I-Stainless Steel 347 Coil Tube esetyenziswa kwiShishini.
• I-Stainless Steel 347 Coil Tube esetyenziswa kwiziTyalo zoMbane.
• I-Stainless Steel 347 Coil Tube esetyenziswa kuKutya kunye neDari.
• I-Stainless Steel 347 Coil Tube esetyenziswa kwi-Oli kunye neGas Plant.
• I-Stainless Steel 347 uMvelisi weCoil Tube esetyenziswa kwiShishini loKwakha iinqanawa.

Iiseli ze-T ezikhethekileyo ze-SARS-CoV-2 kucingelwa ukuba zikhusela kusulelo kunye nokuqhubekela phambili kwe-COVID-19, kodwa akukho bungqina buthe ngqo boku.Apha, sithelekise imilinganiselo yegazi elipheleleyo le-SARS-CoV-2-specific interferon-γ yeeseli ze-T ezineziphumo zovavanyo loxilongo lwe-COVID-19 (PCR kunye/okanye ukuhamba okusecaleni) kwiinyanga ezi-6 zokuqokelelwa kwegazi lika-Lian.Phakathi kwabathathi-nxaxheba abali-148 abathe banikela ngeesampulu zegazi le-venous, ubukhulu be-SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell impendulo babuphezulu kakhulu kwabo bahlala bekhuselekile kunakwabo bosulelekile (P <0.0001).Ipesenti yomngcipheko wosulelo, ngelixa ukuqina okuphezulu kunciphise lo mngcipheko ukuya kwi-5.4%.Ezi ziphumo zenziwa ngokubanzi kubathathi-nxaxheba be-299 abongezelelweyo abaye bavavanya i-scalable capillary blood assay enokuthi iququzelele ukufikelela kwidatha ye-T-cell immunity (14.9% vs. 4.4%).Ke, umlinganiselo weeseli ze-T ezikhethekileyo kwi-SARS-CoV-2 unokuqikelela umngcipheko wosulelo kwaye kufuneka uvavanywe xa kujongwa imeko yomntu ngamnye kunye nabemi bomzimba.
Ukulinganisa kunye nokuqonda impendulo yokhuselo lomzimba kusulelo lwe-SARS-CoV-2 kubalulekile ukuphuhlisa izicwangciso ezisebenzayo zexesha elizayo zokunciphisa impilo yoluntu kunye neempembelelo zoqoqosho zokuqhambuka kwe-COVID-19 kwixesha elizayo.Ukuchongwa kwe-immune correlates kuya kubonelela ngolwazi olubalulekileyo malunga nokuchaphazeleka kwabantu kusulelo lwentsholongwane, isilumkiso kwangethuba sokulaliswa esibhedlele, kwaye kuvumele abantu ukuba balawule umngcipheko wosulelo kunye nomngcipheko wokosulela abanye.Uphononongo lwamajoni omzimba lungqineke lubalulekile ekuvavanyeni ukusebenza kogonyo lwe-COVID-19 kwizigulana ezisempilweni kunye nezisemngciphekweni omkhulu1,2,3 ngakumbi kwii-SARS-CoV-24 eziguqukayo, kwaye ukufunyanwa kwe-immunocompromised kuya kuthetha imfuneko yokonyusa ukugonywa. Fumana ugonyo kwaye uthintele. ukuqhambuka kwixesha elizayo .
Inqanaba lomntu lokungakhuseleki kusulelo lwe-SARS-CoV-2 lixhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi: umthamo wentsholongwane ngexesha lokuvezwa, ukwahluka kwentsholongwane, ubudala, ugonyo lwangaphambili / imeko yosulelo, i-comorbidities, amayeza, kwaye okona kubaluleke kakhulu, usulelo lwe-anti-SARS-CoV. .I-2 i-adaptive immune response yenzeke ngexesha lokuvezwa yintsholongwane5.Uvavanyo lwempendulo yokhuselo lomzimba kusulelo lwe-SARS-CoV-2 kunye/okanye ugonyo lugxile kwiimvavanyo ze-serological ezilinganisa ubukho be-antibodies ethile kwiprotein yolwakhiwo (umz. i-spike glycoprotein).Nangona kunjalo, ubukho okanye ukungabikho kwezilwa-buhlungu zodwa akuqinisekisi ngokuchanekileyo impendulo yokhuselo lomzimba, njengoko iimpendulo zincitshiswa kakhulu ngokuhamba kwexesha6 kunye nokungathathi hlangothi kokwahluka kwe-SARS-CoV-2 ekubuyiseni okanye ekugonyweni kabini abantu Umsebenzi obuthathaka, onokukhokelela kwinto enkulu. inani losulelo lwempumelelo7.Ngokwenene, ukukhuselwa ngokuchasene neempawu ze-COVID-19 ezibangelwa kukwahluka kwe-Omicron (B.1.1.529) kwehle ukuya malunga ne-10% emva kweenyanga ezi-4 ukuya kwezi-6 kuphela zogonyo lwe-mRNA, nangona ukhuselo kwisifo esiqatha luqhubekile > 68% ubuncinci iinyanga ezisi-78.Ukulinganisa iimpendulo zeeseli ze-T eziguquguqukayo, ezinika ukhuseleko lwexesha elide kusulelo lwentsholongwane, sesona salathisi sokuchaphazeleka kusulelo lwe-SARS-CoV-2, kwaye ke luphawu olungcono lomngcipheko wovavanyo lwe-COVID-199, ukusukela oko iiseli zinokuthintela usulelo.ngaphandle kwe-seroconversion10,11.Nangona kunjalo, umlinganiselo weempendulo zeeseli ze-T ufumene ingqwalasela encinci ngenxa yobunzima bendlela kunye neengxaki zokucwangcisa ekufumaneni nasekuthutheni iisampulu zegazi le-venous, ngakumbi xa kuqhutywa izifundo ezinkulu zokujonga ukuvavanya ukuphumelela kwesitofu kunye nokubeka iliso kwi-immunity.Nangona kunjalo, abantu abagonyiweyo babonisa umsebenzi oqinileyo weeseli ze-T ngokuchasene nokwahluka kwe-SARS-CoV-2, okunokuthi kuphelise ilahleko ye-antibody reactivity ukunciphisa ubukhali be-COVID-1912,13.
Apha, siye safuna ukuqonda ukuba ingaba umlinganiselo omnye we-SARS-CoV-2 T yempendulo yeseli unokuqikelela umngcipheko opheleleyo wosulelo lwe-SARS-CoV-2 phakathi kweenyanga ezi-6 zokuthatha isampulu yegazi, nokuba zithini na izinto ezichaphazela amajoni omzimba.Ukuze senze uvavanyo lwe-T cell lubephezulu kwaye lusebenze kwizifundo ezikhulu, siye sazama ukwenza uvavanyo lube luncinci ukuze lwenziwe kusetyenziswa isampulu yegazi yecapillary fingerstick.
Silinganise iimpendulo zeseli kunye ne-humoral immune immune kubanikeli abasempilweni sisebenzisa ubhaqo oludityanisiweyo lweeseli ze-SARS-CoV-2 T kunye ne-IgG antibodies esekwe kwigazi elipheleleyo le-venous (kwiempawu zabathathi-nxaxheba, bona ngoMatshi ka-2022 14. Kubanikeli abagonyiweyo, i-SARS-CoV-2- iimpendulo ezithile ze-T-cellular zichongwe ngokulinganisa amanqanaba e-plasma interferon-γ (IFN-γ) emva kokuvuselela igazi elipheleleyo kunye ne-SARS-CoV-2 peptide (njengangaphambili, i-refs. 14,15,16,17,18) kunye neempendulo ze-IgG ezinxulumene nazo. kunye ne-nucleocapsid (N) yonyuswa kulabo bachaza ukusuleleka kwangaphambili, nangona zombini iimpendulo zaziphezulu kubaxhasi abangazange bagonywe ngaphambili, ubukhulu bomzimba (Fig. zaziphezulu kubanikezeli ababegonyelwe ngaphambili (Figure 1c–e).
Iimpendulo zeeseli ze-SARS-CoV-2-specific IFN-γ+ T zalinganiswa ngovavanyo lwegazi lwe-venous kwaye ngokusekwe kugonyo lwabathathi-nxaxheba kunye nesimo sangaphambili sosulelo lwe-SARS-CoV-2 (engqinwe yi-PCR kunye/okanye uvavanyo lokuhamba olusecaleni)' + /Inf +' n = 60 (luhlaza), 'Vac + /Inf-' n = 82 (bhlowu), 'Vac-/Inf +' n = 4 (tyheli), 'Vac-/Inf-' n = 1 (ayisetyenziswa).I-SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG reactions binding target nucleocapsid (“N”) (b; ****P <0.0001, **P = 0.0016), i-spiked receptor-binding domain (“RBD”) (c; ** P = 0.0022, *P <0.015), iyunithi ye-spike 1 (“S1”) (d; ***P = 0.0005, *(Vac + /Inf+ vs. Vac + /Inf-) P = 0.022, *(Vac- /Inf+ vs. Vac+/Inf-) P = 0.012) kunye nencopho yeyunithi 2 (“S2”) (e) yalinganiswa ngovavanyo lwegazi elipheleleyo le-venous nangokusekwe kugonyo lomthathi-nxaxheba nakwi-SARS yangaphambili -CoV-2 (engqinwe yi-PCR kunye/ okanye uvavanyo lwe-lateral flow) ubume bosulelo.'Vac + /Inf +' n = 60 (luhlaza), 'Vac + /Inf-' n = 71-82 (bhlowu), 'Vac-/Inf +' n = 4 (yellow).Uthelekiso lwenziwe kusetyenziswa uvavanyo lwe-Kruskal-Wallis, lulungelelaniselwe ukuthelekisa izihlandlo ezininzi kusetyenziswa uvavanyo lukaDunn.Idatha iboniswa njengamatshathi (umgca ophakathi kwi-median, umda ophezulu kwi-75th percentile, umda ophantsi kwi-25th percentile) kunye ne-whiskers kwi-minimini kunye nexabiso eliphezulu.Ichaphaza ngalinye limela umntu onikelayo.Idatha ekrwada inikezelwe ngohlobo lweefayile zedatha ekrwada.
Emva kwesampulu yegazi, abathathi-nxaxheba bacelwa ukuba bazichaze ngokwabo ukuba banayo i-PCR kunye/okanye iziphumo zovavanyo lokuqukuqela okusecaleni kwe-COVID-19;ukuba abathathi-nxaxheba bavavanya benethemba phakathi komhla woku-1 kuSeptemba 2021 kunye nowama-29 kuDisemba ka-2021, bacingelwa ukuba bosulelwe yi-Delta (B.1.617.2) eyahlukileyo ye-coronavirus kunye ne-Omicron (B.1.1.529) kwi-Public Health Wales emva komhla wama-29 kaDisemba, 2021, xa olu khetho lwenkxalabo luba lubalaseleyo.Phakathi kwabanikeli abavavanywayo abali-148, siqaphele izinga losulelo lwe-26.3% (39/148) kwisithuba seenyanga ezi-6 zokunikela ngegazi, abangama-38 kubo bafumana idosi yesibini okanye yesithathu yesitofu sokugonya se-COVID-19 (usulelo lwenzeke emva kwePfizer/BioNTech ( BNT162b2) isitofu sokugonya se-mRNA okanye isitofu sokugonya i-AstraZeneca (ChAdOx1 nCoV-19));umntu onikelayo ongagonywanga naye wosulelekile.Ubukhulu be-SARS-CoV-2-specific IFN-γ-positive T yeempendulo zeeseli bezisezantsi kakhulu kwabo baxela uvavanyo lokuxilonga oluqinisekileyo lwe-COVID-19 kunabo babanikeli bangosulelwanga (P <0.0001; Fig. 2a), ikakhulu ngenxa Ukungeniswa ngokufanelekileyo kweempendulo zeeseli ze-T ngokugonywa kwabanye abathathi-nxaxheba (P = 0.050; Umzobo owongezelelweyo 1).Kwakungekho lunxulumano phakathi kobukhulu be-IFN-γ+ T yempendulo yeseli kunye nexesha lesiphumo sovavanyo esilungileyo se-COVID-19 (umzobo owongezelelweyo 2).Ngokwahlukileyo, akukho mpendulo ye-RBD-, S1-, S2-binding IgG (Amanani 2b-d) okanye i-RBD-, iimpendulo ze-antibody ze-S1-neutralizing zazithe ngqo kuhlobo lwasendle okanye i-delta SARS-CoV-2 (B.1.617).) (Umfanekiso owongezelelweyo 3) unokwahlula phakathi kwabantu abasengozini yokusuleleka.Nangona kunjalo, iimpendulo ze-IgG eziphantsi kwe-N ezichasene ne-SARS-CoV-2 ezinxulumene nomngcipheko wosulelo lwe-COVID-19 (P = 0.0084; Umfanekiso 2e);abo bavavanya be-positive babenama-85% ngaphantsi (P = 0.00035; OKANYE 0.15, 95).I-% CI: 0.047-0.39 (umzobo owongezelelweyo 4).
Iisampulu zegazi le-venous ezisuka kubanikeli abasempilweni (n = 148) zavavanya iimpendulo ze-SARS-CoV-2-specific IFN-γ+ T-cell (a; ****P <0.0001) kunye nokubophelela kwe-Spike receptor kwi-SARS-CoV ethile. -2 isivuseleli.i-domain (“RBD”) (b), i-spike 1 subunit (“S1″) (c), i-spike 2 subunit (“S2″) (d), kunye ne-nucleocapsid (“N”) (e; **P = 0.0084) .Abathathi-nxaxheba abafunyaniswe bene-COVID-19 (PCR kunye/okanye ukuhamba okusecaleni) bachongiwe;lonke usulelo lwenzekile kwiinyanga ezi-6 zokuthathwa kwegazi.Uthelekiso lwenziwa kusetyenziswa uvavanyo lweMann-Whitney olunemisila emibini.Idatha iboniswa njengamatshathi (umgca ophakathi kwi-median, umda ophezulu kwi-75th percentile, umda ophantsi kwi-25th percentile) kunye ne-whiskers kwi-minimini kunye nexabiso eliphezulu.Ichaphaza ngalinye limela umntu onikelayo.ns ayibalulekanga.Imaphu yobushushu f ibonisa unxulumano lwerenki ye Spearman phakathi kwezinto eziguquguqukayo zeseti yedatha ekhankanyiweyo.Uthelekiso olungabalulekanga ngokwezibalo alubandakanywanga kwi-matrix kwaye luphawulwe ngeeseli ezingenanto.Idatha ekrwada inikezelwe ngohlobo lweefayile zedatha ekrwada.
Ukuxilongwa kwangaphambili kwe-14 kwabonwa njengento engenamkhethe ukuvavanya umngcipheko wokosuleleka kwakhona, ngoko ke iindidi ze-interquartile zasekwa ukuseka iiparitha zomngcipheko opheleleyo.Imodeli yamanani, ebandakanya kuphela izinto eziguquguqukayo ezinempembelelo ebalulekileyo kwiziphumo, ibonise ukuba ubukhulu be-SARS-CoV-2-specific IFN-γ+ T yempendulo yeseli yayiyeyona nto ibalulekileyo ye-immune biomarker yokumisela amathuba omntu okuba uvavanyelwe i-COVID.-19 elungileyo (Umfanekiso 2f kunye neFigure eyoNgezelelweyo 4).Izigulane ezine-SARS-CoV-2 ethile ye-IFN-γ+ T yempendulo yeseli kwisithathu (194-489 pg/ml IFN-γ) kunye neyesine (>489 pg/ml IFN-γ) i-quartiles 65% (P = 0.055; OKANYE 0.35, 95% CI: 0.11-1.00) kunye ne-90% (P = 0.0050; OKANYE 0.098, 95% CI: 0.014-0.42) babe nabathathi-nxaxheba abaninzi.Amathuba amancinci (i-Supplementary Fig. 4).Ngokubanzi, abathathi-nxaxheba abane-SARS-CoV-2 i-T cell impendulo ethile evela kwigazi le-venous ≤79 pg/mL IFN-γ babenomngcipheko we-43.2% wokusuleleka kwintsholongwane kwiinyanga ze-6, xa kuthelekiswa nempendulo> 489 pg / mL.ml ye-IFN-γ yayinomngcipheko wokusuleleka kwi-5.4% (itafile 2).
Uvavanyo lwegazi olupheleleyo lwe-venous lulinganiselwe kumda ngenxa yesidingo sokuqokelelwa kwesampulu yi-phlebotomist.Ukonyusa ukufumaneka kovavanyo lwe-T cell kunye ne-IgG ye-SARS-CoV-2, kuye kwaphuhliswa enye indlela yesampulu yegazi ye-capillary ukuvumela abathathi-nxaxheba ukuba bafumane iisampulu zegazi zeminwe ekhaya.Ngokolwazi lwethu, akukho ngxelo yangaphambili malunga nomlinganiselo we-antigen-specific T cell function kwi-capillary blood samples.Ulungelelwaniso olomeleleyo ngaphambili lubonakalisiwe phakathi kwezibalo ze-lymphocyte ezifunyenwe kusetyenziswa i-capillary efanayo kunye neesampuli zegazi le-venous.Ukongeza, kuye kwaxelwa ukuba uvavanyo olupheleleyo olusekwe egazini olulinganisa iimpendulo zeeseli ze-SARS-CoV-2 ezikhethekileyo zisebenzisa kuphela i-320 μL yegazi le-venous, i-20 isusa iinkxalabo malunga nokuphindaphindwa kweeseli ze-T ze-progenitor kwiisampulu zegazi le-capillary.
Sisebenzise olu vavanyo luphezulu lwentsebenziswano olusemgangathweni lweeseli ze-SARS-CoV-2 T kunye ne-IgG antibodies esekwe kwi-capillary yegazi elipheleleyo ukulinganisa impendulo yeselula kunye ne-humoral immune immune kubathathi-nxaxheba abane-comorbidities ezahlukeneyo kunye nokugonywa kwangaphambili / imeko yosulelo (Itheyibhile 1).ifunyenwe kulo lonke elase-UK phakathi kwe-24 kaJanuwari kunye ne-14 Matshi 202214. Uninzi (90.9%) lweisampulu zeminwe zifunyenwe ngokuchanekileyo kwaye zithunyelwe kwibhubhoratri kwiiyure ezingama-24 zokuqokelelwa.Kwezinye iimeko, iisampulu zifunyenwe kwiiyure ze-48 zokutsalwa kwegazi, kodwa akukho nanye kwezi sampuli ezigqithise iisheke zokulawula umgangatho kwaye azizange zichaphazele i-T cell okanye imilinganiselo ye-antibody (i-Supplementary Fig. 5).Nangona bekukho umahluko kubungakanani be-SARS-CoV-2-specific IFN-γ+ T yempendulo yeseli elinganiswe kwiisampulu zegazi ze-capillary kunye ne-venous kwabanye abantu, akukho mahluko ubalulekileyo ngokubanzi (P = 0.88; Fig. 6). ).).
Iimpendulo zeeseli ze-SARS-CoV-2-specific IFN-γ+ T zonyuswe kakhulu kubantu abagonyiweyo nabo baxela usulelo lwangaphambili (P = 0.0001), kodwa bengekho phezulu kakhulu kunabantu abosulelekileyo abangazange bagonywe ngaphambili (P = 0.19, Umzobo. 3a).).Iimpendulo ze-IgG ezichasene ne-spike glycoprotein (RBD, S1, S2) zaziphezulu kakhulu kubaxhasi abagonyiweyo kunabanikeli abangagonywanga, kungakhathaliseki ukuba yintoni na imeko yokusuleleka kwangaphambili (Umfanekiso 3b-d).Kuyathakazelisa ukuba impendulo ye-N-bound ye-IgG yayiphezulu kubathathi-nxaxheba abangagonywanga ngaphambili xa kuthelekiswa nabathathi-nxaxheba abagonyiweyo, nangona oku akuzange kufikelele ukubaluleka (Umfanekiso 3e).Phakathi kwabanikeli abangagonywanga nabangachaphazelekanga abazichaza ngokwabo, i-15 yama-37 (40.5%) abathathi-nxaxheba babenethemba le-N-linked IgG, ngaphezu komda osekwe ngaphambili we-2.0 BAU/mL14;aba bathathi-nxaxheba be-15 Abalishumi elinesibini kwezi gulane bavavanya ukuba bane-IFN-γ + T yempendulo ye-cell ngaphezu komda owenziwe ngaphambili we-22.7 pg / mL IFN-γ14.Ke ngoko, kusenokwenzeka ukuba aba bathathi-nxaxheba bebekade bosulelwe yi-SARS-CoV-2 kwaye abazange bavavanyelwe i-COVID-19 ngenxa yokhetho lobuqu, ukunqongophala kwe-PCR kunye/okanye izixhobo zokuqukuqela ezisecaleni, okanye bebengenazo iimpawu.Nangona bekukho ukuhambelana okubalulekileyo phakathi kweempendulo ze-T cell kwi-IFN-γ + kunye ne-N-linked IgG amanqanaba kubaxhasi abangagonywanga (P = 0.0044; Umfanekiso owongezelelweyo, impendulo ye-IgG edibeneyo ye-N yehla ngokukhawuleza kune-N-linked IgG impendulo, kanti i-IFN-γ + Iimpendulo zeeseli ze-T zagcinwa kungakhathaliseki isimo sokugonywa, nangona inani labanikeli kwiiveki ze-50 emva komngeni laliphantsi (iFig. iiseli kunye ne-RBD ehambelanayo, nangona abathathi-nxaxheba abafumene iidosi ezimbini ze-BNT162b2 elandelwa yi-mRNA1273 revaccination babonise amanqanaba aphezulu kakhulu e-IFN-γ + T iiseli zazinovakalelo kakhulu kwi-SARS-CoV-2 kunabo bafumene iidosi ezimbini ze-ChAdOx1 kunye ne-BNT162b2 (Eyongezelelweyo Umzobo we-9) Ukongezelela, i-comorbidities exeliweyo yayinomlinganiselo omncinci jikelele kwiimpendulo zeeseli ze-T eziqatshelweyo xa kuthelekiswa nabaxhasi abanempilo (i-Supplementary Fig. 10).
Iimpendulo zeeseli ze-SARS-CoV-2-specific IFN-γ+ T zalinganiswa ngovavanyo lwegazi lwe-capillary kwaye zazisekwe kugonyo lwabathathi-nxaxheba kunye nesimo sangaphambili sosulelo se-SARS-CoV-2 (esingqinwe yi-PCR kunye/okanye uvavanyo lokuqukuqela olusecaleni).'Vac + /Inf +' n = 42 (luhlaza), 'Vac + /Inf-' n = 158 (bhlowu), 'Vac-/Inf +' n = 33 (tyheli), 'Vac- /Inf-' n = 37 (ngwevu).****P <0.0001, ***P = 0.0001, *(Vac+/Inf- vs. Vac-/Inf-) P = 0.045, *(Vac-/Inf+ vs. Vac- /Inf-) P = 0.014 .I-SARS-CoV-2 i-IgG ethile yokusabela ngokubophayo kwi-spike receptor dinding domain (“RBD”) (b; ****P <0.0001, ns: ayibalulekanga), i-spike subunit 1 (“S1”) (c; * * **P <0.0001, ns: ayibalulekanga), i-spike subunit 2 (“S2″) (d; ****P <0.0001, ***P = 0.0005, *P = 0.016) kunye ne-nucleocapsid (“N”) (e; ****P <0.0001, ns ayibalulekanga) ilinganiswe kusetyenziswa uhlalutyo lwegazi lwe-venous lonke kwaye ngokusekwe kugonyo lwabathathi-nxaxheba kunye nangaphambi kwe-SARS-CoV-2 (engqinwe yi-PCR kunye / okanye uhlalutyo lokuhamba kwecala) Usulelo lwahlulwa ubume.'Vac + /Inf +' n = 46 (luhlaza), 'Vac + /Inf-' n = 182 (bhlowu), 'Vac-/Inf +' n = 34 (tyheli), 'Vac-/Inf-' n = 37 (ngwevu).Uthelekiso lwenziwe kusetyenziswa uvavanyo lwe-Kruskal-Wallis, lulungelelaniselwe ukuthelekisa izihlandlo ezininzi kusetyenziswa uvavanyo lukaDunn.Idatha iboniswa njengamatshathi (umgca ophakathi kwi-median, umda ophezulu kwi-75th percentile, umda ophantsi kwi-25th percentile) kunye ne-whiskers kwi-minimini kunye nexabiso eliphezulu.Ichaphaza ngalinye limele umntu onikelayo.Idatha ekrwada inikezelwe ngohlobo lweefayile zedatha ekrwada.
Njengangaphambili, abathathi-nxaxheba bacelwa ukuba baxele iziphumo ezilungileyo ze-PCR kunye/okanye ukuphuma kwegazi ecaleni kwe-COVID-19;ngokwe-Arhente yezeMpilo yase-UK, abathathi-nxaxheba bacingelwa ukuba bosulelwe yi-Omicron coronavirus (B.1.1.529) ngexesha lokuvavanya ukuhluka kwentsholongwane ephilileyo, njengoko yayiyintlukwano ebalaseleyo e-UK ngexesha lokufunda.Phakathi kwabanikeli abavavanyiweyo abangama-299, siqaphele izinga losulelo lwe-8.0% (24/299) kwisithuba seenyanga ezintathu zomnikelo we-capillary, abasixhenxe kubo bebengagonywanga.Umyinge wezinto eziye zachaphazeleka phakathi kwabo bonke abathathi-nxaxheba ubusezantsi kwabo bavavanya benayo i-COVID-19 (10.7%) kunabo bavavanya bangenayo i-COVID-19 (24.4%, iTheyibhile 1), enokuba kungenxa yokuba abathathi-nxaxheba bene-COVID-19 (24.4%). izifo zilumke ngakumbi kwaye zikhusela kwiziphumo ezinokubakho ezifana nesifo seswekile kunye nomhlaza.Njengoko kuqwalaselwe kwiqela legazi le-venous, i-SARS-CoV-2-specific interferon-γ (IFN-γ) -iiseli ze-T ezintle ezilinganiswa kwiisampulu zegazi ze-capillary ezivela kubantu abaxela uvavanyo lokuxilonga oluqinisekileyo lwe-COVID-19.Ubungakanani bokuphendula bube buphantsi kakhulu kunabaxhasi abangenasifo (P = 0.034; Umfanekiso 4a) ngenxa yokungeniswa kakubi kwe-T cell impendulo ngokugonywa kunye / okanye ukusuleleka kwangaphambili (i-Supplementary Figure 11).Ngokufanayo, akukho zimpendulo ze-IgG ze-RBD-, i-S1-, i-S2-ebopha i-IgG (Amanani 4b-d) okanye i-RBD-, iimpendulo ze-S1-neutralizing antibody zazithe ngqo kuhlobo lwasendle okanye i-delta SARS-CoV-2 (B. 1.617).(Umfanekiso owongezelelweyo 12).Abantu kuwo nawuphi na umngcipheko omkhulu wosulelo banokuchongwa.Ngokuchaseneyo neqela le-venous, iimpendulo ze-IgG ezinxulumene ne-N nazo aziyahluli umngcipheko we-COVID-19 (Umfanekiso 4e), ucebisa ukuba ukwahluka kwe-Omicron (B.1.1.529) kwandisa ukuphepha komzimba kubantu abosulelwe ngaphambili, njengoko kuchazwe kutshanje i-21. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, amandla e-SARS-CoV-2-specific IFN-γ T yempendulo yeseli kwakhona yeyona nto ibalulekileyo ekumiseleni amathuba okuvavanywa ukuba une-COVID-19 (Figure 4f).Ngokubanzi, abathathi-nxaxheba abane-SARS-CoV-2-specific capillary T-cell response ≤23.7 pg/mL IFN-γ babenomngcipheko we-14.9% wosulelo kwiinyanga ezintathu xa kuthelekiswa nempendulo> 141.6 pg/mL.ml IFN.-γ wayenomngcipheko wokusuleleka kwi-4.4% (iThebhile 2).
Iimpendulo zeeseli ze-IFN-γ+ T ezithe ngqo ze-SARS-CoV-2 (a; *P = 0.034) kunye ne-SARS-CoV-2 i-IgG ejolise kwi-receptor-binding domain (“RBD”) (b), i-spike subunit 1 (' S1′) (c), subunit 2 ('S2′) (d) kunye ne-nucleocapsid binding reaction ('N') (e).Abathathi-nxaxheba bachongwe njengabanayo i-COVID-19 (i-PCR kunye/okanye uvavanyo lokuhamba kwegazi olusecaleni), lonke usulelo lwenzekile kwiinyanga ezi-3 zokuthathwa kwegazi.Uthelekiso lwenziwa kusetyenziswa uvavanyo lweMann-Whitney olunemisila emibini.Idatha iboniswa njengamatshathi (umgca ophakathi kwi-median, umda ophezulu kwi-75th percentile, umda ophantsi kwi-25th percentile) kunye ne-whiskers kwi-minimini kunye nexabiso eliphezulu.Ichaphaza ngalinye limela umntu onikelayo.ns ayibalulekanga.Imaphu yobushushu f ibonisa unxulumano lwerenki ye Spearman phakathi kwezinto eziguquguqukayo zeseti yedatha ekhankanyiweyo.Uthelekiso olungabalulekanga ngokwezibalo alubandakanywanga kwi-matrix kwaye luphawulwe ngeeseli ezingenanto.Idatha ekrwada inikezelwe ngohlobo lweefayile zedatha ekrwada.
Njengoko singena kwisigaba esilandelayo sobhubhani we-COVID-19, ingqwalasela iya kusuka kuthintelo iye kulawulo lomngcipheko womntu ngamnye kunye nokuchonga amalungu asemngciphekweni oluntu.Ukuseka ulungelelwaniso lokugomela kwi-COVID-19 kubalulekile ukuchonga ngokufanelekileyo kwaye uphathe la maqela asemngciphekweni omkhulu.Ngoku kukho ubungqina obandayo bokuba ukunganyangeki kwe-T-cell kuyakhusela kusulelo lwe-SARS-CoV-2 kwaye kunciphisa ubukhali be-COVID-1910.Idatha eboniswe apha ibonisa ukuba amandla adityanisiweyo e-SARS-CoV-2-specific IFN-γ+ T iimpendulo zeseli ngokuchasene ne-spike, inwebu, kunye neeproteni ze-nucleocapsid zesakhiwo zinika ukhuseleko olukhulu kwi-COVID-19 kunokuba i-antibody ibopha. .kwaye kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo xa kuvavanywa ukukhuseleka komntu kunye/okanye nomhlambi.Iintsholongwane ze-RNA ezinje nge-SARS-CoV-2 okanye intsholongwane yomkhuhlane A (IAV) zinqanda ukungathathi hlangothi kwe-serological ngokuvela ngokukhawuleza kwee-epitopes ze-B-cell ezivezwe kumphezulu ii-antigens ezamkelwa zizithinteli-gazi.Impendulo yokukhusela i-immune enikezelwa ngamaseli e-T ingabonakalisa ukujoliswa kweepitopes ezivela kwimimandla egciniweyo yeeprotheni zentsholongwane ezingenakukwazi ukuphepha ngokukhawuleza impendulo yokuzivikela.Ukukhuselwa kwe-T cell-mediated ngokuchasene nenoveli ye-SARS-CoV-2 ukwahluka kuyafana nokhuseleko lwe-heterosubtypic olulawulwe kukujoliswa kweeseli ze-T kwiiproteni zangaphakathi ezigciniweyo ezibonwa kwi-IAV22,23 subtypes.
Ngaphandle kwamandla amakhulu okulinganisa impendulo yomzimba yokuzikhusela kwi-COVID-19, kunikwe ingqwalasela encinci kuphuhliso lovavanyo oluchanekileyo, oluphezulu, olusemgangathweni lwe-T-cell.Ubunzima bendabuko kunye neendleko ezinxulumene nokulinganisa iimpendulo zeeseli ze-T zithintela ukuzimisela ngokuchanekileyo kwe-T cell immunity xa kuhlolwa ukhuseleko lwabantu abaninzi.Ngelixa uninzi lovavanyo lokuvuselela i-peptide yegazi lusanda kufumaneka, wonke umntu okwangoku ufuna i-phlebotomist ukufumana igazi, ukunciphisa ukufumaneka kunye nesikali.Iinkqubo zegazi zeCapillary zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi ukumisela ukuxhaphaka kwee-antibodies ze-SARS-CoV-2 kubemi.Sihlengahlengise iimvavanyo zegazi ze-capillary ukuze zenze iimvavanyo zokuvuselela i-peptide yegazi ukuvavanya ukusebenza kwakhona kweeseli ze-T kwi-SARS-CoV-2 iiproteni zesakhiwo kunye neempendulo ze-antibody ze-SARS-CoV-2.Ngapha koko, umlinganiso odibeneyo we-SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies kunye neeseli ze-T kwisampulu yegazi ye-capillary inomtsalane kakhulu: (i) iyanciphisa imfuno yovavanyo lwegazi oluninzi kumthathi-nxaxheba ngamnye, (ii) iphucula amava abathathi-nxaxheba kunye nokuqonda;(iii) iphucule ulungiselelo kunye nokunciphisa uphinda-phindo, (iv) ukunciphisa impembelelo yokusingqongileyo njengoko kufuneka izinto ezisetyenziswa kwilabhoratri encinane kunye nokuhanjiswa kwesampuli.Nangona ngokubanzi i-IFN-γ i-reactivity yayifana phakathi kweesampuli zegazi ze-venous kunye ne-capillary, kwabonwa ukuba iphantsi kwi-capillary blood cohort yabathathi-nxaxheba (umzobo 4a) xa kuthelekiswa neqela legazi le-venous (Fig. 2a).Amaxabiso e-IFN-γ Kukho iinkcazo ezininzi zolu phando, oko kukuthi, inani elikhulu labathathi-nxaxheba abaneentsholongwane ezifuna unyango lwe-immunosuppressive baqeshwe kwi-capillary blood sampling cohort (Itheyibhile 1) kunye nokusebenza kunye / okanye umsebenzi weeseli ze-T ezifunyenwe kwi-vascular. iisampulu zinokuba ziphantsi, ngakumbi kuthathelwa ingqalelo iimeko zokugcina iisampuli ixesha elide phambi ukuvuselela peptide.
Isitofu sokugonya esifumaneka ngokubanzi se-COVID-19 sibonelela ngokhuseleko olululo kwisifo esiqatha kuninzi lwabamkeli kwiinyanga ezi-6 zogonyo8.Kuyakhuthaza, ngaphandle kokunganyangeki kakuhle kwe-serological ye-SARS-CoV-26,7, iimpendulo zeeseli ze-T ezibangwe lugonyo oluchasene nohlobo lwasendle i-SARS-CoV-2 zahlala zisebenza kakhulu, njengoko kwavela ezinye ezingama-25.Idatha esiyibonisayo apha ibonisa ukubaluleka kovavanyo olubanzi lwe-vaccine immunogenicity, igxininisa izitofu zokugonya ezinokwaneleyo kwe-T-cell immunity ukukhusela ukusuleleka ngequbuliso kunye nokudluliselwa okuqhubekayo kwentsholongwane.Sikwaqaphele ukuba abantu abaninzi abangagonywanga abagaywe kwiqela le-capillary banempendulo ebalulekileyo ye-SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells (kunye ne-N-binding IgG) ngaphandle kogonyo lwangaphambili, olunokwenzeka ngenxa yosulelo lwangaphambili.Kunokuba bagonye abantu abafanelekileyo, umngcipheko wokosuleleka kufuneka uvavanywe ngokusekelwe kwisimo sabo sangoku sogonyo kunye nokukhetha benolwazi olwenziwe.
Imida yolu phononongo ibandakanya isiqinisekiso sokuba abathathi-nxaxheba bazichaza ngokwabo usulelo nge-SARS-CoV-2 emva kokuqokelelwa kwegazi ukumisela ukubaluleka kokugonywa;abanye abathathi-nxaxheba banokuba nosulelo olungenazimpawu kwaye abakwazi ukwenza i-PCR kunye/okanye uvavanyo lokuqukuqela olusecaleni lwe-COVID-19.I-dataset yethu yayingenalo ulwazi malunga namayeza abathathi-nxaxheba ngexesha lokuthatha isampuli yegazi.Ukongeza, ngenxa yokuba bonke abathathi-nxaxheba bethu baxele kuphela iimpawu ezinobuthathaka/eziphakathi okanye akukho zimpawu, bekungenzeki ukuchonga iimpendulo zokhuselo lomzimba kwiseti yethu yedatha eyaqikelela umngcipheko owonyukayo wokugula kakhulu kunye nokulaliswa esibhedlele kwe-COVID-19.Nangona kunjalo, ubukho beCD8+ T yeempendulo zeeseli ngokuchasene ne-nucleocapsid-specific epitopes kutshanje inyanyaniswe nokhuseleko kwi-COVID-1926 eqatha.Ukongeza, uvavanyo olusetyenziswe apha alukhange lulinganise iimpendulo zeeseli ze-T kwiiproteni ezingezizo ezakheko ezichazwe kwangoko ze-SARS-CoV-2 eziye zaboniswa ngokukhethayo ukuba ziqokelele kubasebenzi bezempilo abathe banxibelelana nezigulana ezosulelekileyo.Ngokusekwe kulo msebenzi, xa kujongwa ukuxhaphaka kosulelo loluntu ngexesha lokuqeshwa kunye nokubakho okuphezulu kosulelo eluntwini, inani leeseli ze-SARS-CoV-2 ezithe ngqo ezifunyenwe kuvavanyo lwethu nazo zibonakala zikwazi ukukhutshwa.usulelo oluncinci kumaqela ethu.Okokugqibela, asizange silinganise imveliso ye-interleukin 2 ngeeseli ze-T kuba umsebenzi wethu wangaphambili ubonise ukuchongwa okungalunganga kweempendulo ze-SARS-CoV-214 ezikhethekileyo ze-T-cell, nangona iimpendulo ezithe ngqo ze-IL-2 zinokubonisa ukuphinda kusebenze kwakhona.iiseli ezinxulumene nokhuselo kusulelo lwe-SARS-CoV-211.
Ithatyathwe kunye, ezi datha ziqaqambisa imfuneko esisiseko yezifundo zexesha elide ezibandakanya iimpendulo ze-SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell kwimilinganiselo yokugonywa komlinganiselo wabemi.Ezi nzame zinokuncediswa kukuphuhliswa kovavanyo olutsha lwegazi lwe-capillary olulinganisa impendulo ye-T-cell.
Iprojekthi yophando iqokelele abathathi-nxaxheba ukusuka kuFebruwari 2021 ukuya kuMatshi 2022. Iqela labanikeli abasempilweni (n = 148) abathe banikela ngeesampulu zegazi le-venous belibandakanya ikakhulu abasebenzi baseyunivesithi kunye nabafundi abathatha inxaxheba kwinkonzo yokuhlola i-COVID-19 yeYunivesithi yaseCardiff okanye abasebenzi kwisikolo samabanga aphantsi Cardiff.Bonke abathathi-nxaxheba babenempilo ngenye indlela kwaye abazange bachaze ukuthatha nawaphi na amachiza e-immunosuppressive (jonga iThebhile 1 ngeempawu).Iqela labathathi-nxaxheba abanikele ngeesampulu zegazi le-capillary libandakanya bonke abanikeli ngokuzithandela (abaneminyaka eyi-18 +) abavela kulo lonke elase-UK.Phakathi kukaJanuwari 24 kunye no-Matshi 14, 2022, abathathi-nxaxheba be-342 babhaliswe kwisifundo, apho i-299 ingenise iisampuli zegazi kwibhubhoratri.Abathathi-nxaxheba abaninzi bahlala bengagonywanga kunye / okanye baxela ukugula okunzulu, kubandakanywa nezifo ezizimeleyo kunye nomhlaza (jonga iThebhile 1 ngeempawu).Olu pho nonongo lufumene imvume yokuziphatha evela kwiNewcastle kunye neNorth Tyneside 2 yeKomiti yezoPhando lwezoPhando (ID IRAS: 294246) kunye neCardiff University School of Medicine Ethics Committee (SREC ref: SMREC 21/01).Bonke abathathi-nxaxheba banike imvume ebhaliweyo enolwazi ngaphambi kokubandakanywa.Abathathi-nxaxheba abazange bafumane nayiphi na imbuyekezo ngokuthatha inxaxheba kolu phononongo.
Iisampuli zegazi ze-venous zifunyenwe nge-venipuncture kwi-6 okanye i-10 ml ye-lithium okanye i-sodium heparin vacutainers (BD).Iisampulu zegazi zeCapillary zafunyanwa nge-lancet yomnwe kwaye emva koko ziqokelelwa kwi-heparin microcontainers (BD).Ubuncinane obungama-400 µl wegazi luyafuneka;nayiphi na isampuli engaphantsi kwesi sixa-mali iya kwaliwa.Ezinye izizathu zokulahlwa kwesampulu zibandakanya i-coagulation enkulu kunye / okanye i-hemolysis kunye nokungaphumeleli ukuqokelela i-plasma ye-viscous yokuhlalutya (i-Supplementary Fig. 5).Iisampuli zegazi ze-capillary ezingama-299 ziyafumaneka ukuze kuhlolwe iimpendulo ze-antibody, apho iisampulu ezingama-270 nazo zazikhona ukuze kuhlolwe iimpendulo zeeseli ze-T.
Iimpendulo ezithile zeeseli ze-SARS-CoV-2 zavavanywa kusetyenziswa uvavanyo lwe-COVID-19 Immuno-T (ImmunoServ Ltd) kwaye lwenziwa njengoko bekuchaziwe ngaphambili.Ngokufutshane, enye i-6 ml okanye i-10 ml ye-sodium heparin (BD) i-venous vacutainer ithathwe kumthathi-nxaxheba ngamnye kwaye iqhutywe kwibhubhoratri kwiiyure ze-12 zokuqokelela igazi.Nangona iisampulu ezininzi zalungiswa phakathi kweeyure ezingama-24, i-400–600 μl enye ye-heparinized microbleeding (BD) yegazi le-capillary yaqokelelwa kwiiyure ezingama-48 zesampulu yeminwe.Iisampulu zegazi ze-venous kunye/okanye ze-capillary zavuselelwa ngamachibi ahlukeneyo e-peptide akhethekileyo kwi-SARS-CoV-2 (uhlobo lohlobo lwasendle) njengoko bekuchaziwe ngaphambili14.Eli thala leencwadi le-peptide liqulethe i-420 15-mer ulandelelwano kunye ne-11 ehamba phambili ye-amino acids edibanisa i-protein ye-spike yonke (i-S1 kunye ne-S2) (S; iprotheni ye-NCBI: QHD43416 1), i-nucleocapsid phosphoprotein (NP; i-NCBI protein: QHD43423 2) kunye ne-membrane ye-membrane Iprotheni ye-NCBI: QHD43419 1) ukulandelelana kwekhowudi (ebizwa ngokuba yi "S-/NP-/M-combinatorial peptide library").Zonke iipeptide zahlanjululwa ukuya> 70%, zanyibilika emanzini angenazintsholongwane kwaye zisetyenziswe kwi-concentration yokugqibela ye-0.5 μg / ml ngepeptide.Iisampulu zifakwe kwi-37 ° C kwiiyure ezingama-20-24.Iityhubhu zaye zafakwa kwi-centrifuged kwi-5000 × g imizuzu emi-3 kwaye ~ 150 µl yeplasma yaqokelelwa ukusuka phezulu kwisampulu yegazi nganye.Gcina iisampulu zeplasma kwi -20 ° C ukuya kwinyanga enye ngaphambi kokuba usebenzise i-cytokine / i-antibody assays.
I-IFN-γ yalinganiswa ngokusebenzisa i-IFN-γ ELISA MAX Deluxe Set (BioLegend, inombolo yekhathalogu 430116) kwaye yenziwa ngokwemiyalelo yomenzi.Ngokukhawuleza emva kokuba isisombululo sokumisa (i-2N H2SO4) yongezwa, i-microplate yafundwa kwi-450 nm usebenzisa i-BioLegend Mini ELISA umfundi weplate.I-IFN-γ yaqikelelwa ngokongezwa kwegophe eliqhelekileyo kusetyenziswa iGraphPad Prism.Amaxabiso angaphantsi komda osezantsi wokufunyanwa kwe-assay yarekhodwa njenge-7.8 pg/ml, amaxabiso angaphezu komda wokukhangela ongaphezulu wovavanyo lwarekhodwa njenge-1000 pg/ml.
I-Anti-SARS-CoV-2 RBD/S1/S2/N IgG antibodies yalinganiswa kusetyenziswa i-Bio-Plex Pro Human IgG SARS-CoV-2 4-plex panel (Bio-Rad, cat. no. 12014634) yaza yabhalwa ngoko imiyalelo yomenzi .imiyalelo .Iisampulu zokunika ingxelo amaxabiso ngaphezulu komda wobungakanani zahlaziywa kwakhona kwi-1: 1000 dilution.Umyinge wobukhulu be-fluorescence bamaso bulinganiswe kwisixhobo se-Bio-Plex 200 (i-Bio-Rad).Ugxininiso lwe-Antibody lubalwe yi-VIROTROL SARS-CoV-2 i-single control assay (Bio-Rad) kwaye yaguqulelwa kwi-WHO/NIBSC 20/136 yeeYunithi zeMigangatho yeReferensi yaMazwe ngaMazwe (BAU/mL) kusetyenziswa umlinganiselo womenzi.
I-RBD kunye ne-S1 subunit-specific neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 wild-type kunye ne-delta (B.1.617) imigca ye-SARS-CoV-2 yalinganiswa kusetyenziswa i-Bio-Plex Pro Human SARS-CoV-2 Variant Neutralization Antibody Kit (Bio -Rad , inxalenye yenombolo 12016897), ngokwemiyalelo yomenzi.Ukulinganisa umyinge wokuqina kwefluorescence kwiBio-Plex 200 (Bio-Rad) kwaye ubale ipesenti yothintelo (okt, neutralization) usebenzisa le fomula ilandelayo:
Iimvavanyo zokungathinteli ezosulelayo ze-SARS-CoV-2 zenziwe njengoko bekuchaziwe ngaphambili28.Ngamafutshane, i-600 PFU yohlobo lwasendle i-SARS-CoV-2 yafukanywa kunye ne-3-fold fold serial dilutions yeplasma ngokuphindaphinda iyure enye kuma-37°C.Umxube wongezwa kwiiseli zeVeroE6 kwiiyure ezingama-48.I-Monolayers yalungiswa nge-4% ye-paraformaldehyde, i-permeabilized nge-0.5% NP-40 kwaye ifakwe kwi-1 iyure kwi-blocking buffer (i-PBS equkethe i-0.1% phakathi kunye ne-3% yobisi oluncitshisiweyo).I-antibody ephambili (i-anti-nucleocapsid 1C7, i-Stratech) yongezwa kwisithinteli sokuvala iyure enye kwiqondo lobushushu begumbi.Emva kokuhlanjwa, i-antibody yesibini (i-anti-mouse IgG-HRP, iPierce) yongezwa kwi-buffer ethintela iyure enye.Ii-Monolayers zahlanjwa, zaphuhliswa kusetyenziswa i-Sigmafast OPD kwaye zifundwa kwi-Clariostar Omega plate reader.Imithombo engenantsholongwane, ngaphandle kwentsholongwane kodwa ngaphandle kwezilwa-buhlungu, kunye nesera eqhelekileyo ebonisa umsebenzi ophakathi zaqukwa kumfuniselo ngamnye njengolawulo.
Uhlalutyo lwamanani lwenziwa kwi-GraphPad Prism (uguqulelo 9.4.1).Ukuqheleka kweseti yedatha yavavanywa ngokusebenzisa uvavanyo lwe-Shapiro-Wilk.Iikhrayitheriya ezingezizo i-parametric zisetyenzisiwe kulo lonke uthelekiso.Uvavanyo lweMann-Whitney lusetyenziswe kwiisampulu ezingasebenziyo.Zonke iimvavanyo zazinamacala amabini kunye nokubaluleka kwegama lomda weP ≤ 0.05.
Uhlalutyo lokuqala lokuhlola lwedatha lwenziwa kwi-R (uguqulelo 4.0.3).Oku kuquka uphuhliso lwe-matrix yolungelelwaniso lwerenki ye-Spearman, apho ulungelelwaniso phakathi kwezinto ezimbini eziguquguqukayo zimelwe bubukhulu kunye nombala wezikwere.Ukubaluleka kwamanani phakathi kwemibutho yabalwa kusetyenziswa i-rho ka-Spearman, apho amaxabiso ≤0.05 athathwa njengebalulekileyo.Uthelekiso olungabalulekanga ngokwezibalo alubandakanywanga kwi-matrix kwaye luphawulwe ngeeseli ezingenanto.Amaxabiso e-P alungelelaniswa kuthelekiso oluninzi kusetyenziswa ulungiso lukaHolm.Imodeli yokubuyela umva kokusebenza kokubini yasetyenziselwa ukulinganisa ifuthe lezinto eziguquguqukayo kwidathasethi ekuphenduleni okulungileyo kwi-COVID-19.I-IFN-γ Iimpendulo zeeseli ze-T kunye ne-anti-RBD / S1 / S2 / N IgG amanqaku e-titer aguqulwa abe yimiba, apho umntu ngamnye wabelwa kwi-quartile efanelekileyo kwinqaku ngalinye.Emva koko, imodeli yokuqala yophando yaphuhliswa kusetyenziswa umsebenzi we-glm kwiphakheji yezibalo (V4.0.3).Imilinganiselo ye-odds ethathwe kule modeli yokuqala ikhutshwe kwii-coefficients zemodeli kusetyenziswa umsebenzi we-'odds_plot' kwiphakheji ye-OddsPlotty (V1.0.2).Xa siphuhlisa imodeli yokuqinisekisa enqamlezileyo, sisebenzise umsebenzi we-"bestglm" ukusuka kwiphakheji ye-bestglm (V0.37.3) ukunciphisa umkhethe wabasebenzisi kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuba i-subset ye-predictors inokukhethwa.Indlela ekhethiweyo "yayiphelele" kwaye inqobo yolwazi esetyenzisiweyo ukuvavanya imodeli efanelekileyo yayiyi-AIC.Ukuhamba komsebenzi okufanayo kuchazwe ngasentla kwasetyenziselwa ukufumana umlinganiselo weengxaki.
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Iileta kunye nezicelo zezixhobo kufuneka zibhekiswe kuGqr Martin Scarr okanye uNjingalwazi Andrew Godkin.Eli nqaku libonelela ngedatha yokuqala.
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