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Ubonisa ikharawusi yezilayidi ezithathu ngaxeshanye.Sebenzisa amaqhosha angaphambili nalandelayo ukutyhutyha izilayidi ezithathu ngexesha, okanye sebenzisa amaqhosha esilayidi ekupheleni ukuya kwizilayidi ezithathu ngexesha.
I-Duplex 2205 insimbi engenasici (i-DSS) inokumelana ne-corrosion elungileyo ngenxa yokwakheka kwayo okuphindwe kabini, kodwa imeko ekhulayo ye-CO2 ene-oyile kunye negesi equlathe i-oyile kunye negesi ikhokelela kumanqanaba ahlukeneyo okuhlwa, ngakumbi ukugalela, nto leyo ebeka emngciphekweni ukhuseleko kunye nokuthembeka kweoyile kunye nendalo. izicelo zegesi.uphuhliso lwegesi.Kulo msebenzi, uvavanyo lokuntywiliselwa kunye novavanyo lwe-electrochemical lusetyenziswa ngokudibeneyo ne-laser confocal microscopy kunye ne-X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.Iziphumo zabonisa ukuba iqondo lobushushu eliphakathi kwi-pitting 2205 DSS laliyi-66.9 °C.Xa iqondo lobushushu lingaphezulu kwe-66.9℃, amandla okuqhawuka komngxuma, ixesha lokudlula kunye namandla okuzitshabalalisa acuthiwe, ubungakanani boxinzelelo lwangoku bonyuswa, kwaye ubuntununtunu bomgodi buyanda.Ngokunyuka okuthe kratya kweqondo lobushushu, iradius ye-capacitive arc 2205 DSS iyancipha, ukuxhathisa komphezulu kunye nokuchasana kokudluliselwa kwentlawulo kuncipha ngokuthe ngcembe, kunye noxinano lwabathwali abanikelayo kunye nabamkeli kuluhlu lwefilimu yemveliso eneempawu ze-n + p-bipolar nazo. ukwanda, umxholo we-Cr oxides kwi-inner layer yefilimu iyancipha, inyusa umxholo we-Fe oxides kumaleko angaphandle, ukuchithwa komgangatho wefilimu kuyanda, ukuzinza kuyancipha, inani lemigodi kunye nokwanda kwepore.
Kwimeko yophuhliso olukhawulezayo lwezoqoqosho nezentlalo kunye nenkqubela phambili yentlalo, imfuno ye-oyile kunye negesi yemithombo iyaqhubeka nokukhula, ukunyanzela uphuhliso lwe-oyile kunye negesi ukuba lutshintshe ngokuthe ngcembe kwiindawo ezisemzantsi-ntshona kunye ne-offshore kunye neemeko ezinzima kunye nokusingqongileyo, ngoko ke iimeko zokusebenza Ityhubhu yomngxuma iya ithandeka ngakumbi..Ukuwohloka kwe-1,2,3.Kwintsimi ye-oyile kunye negesi yokuhlola, xa ukunyuka kwe-CO2 4 kunye ne-salin kunye ne-chlorine umxholo we-5, i-6 kwi-fluid eveliswayo, umbhobho oqhelekileyo we-7 carbon steel uxhomekeke kwi-corrosion enzulu, nokuba i-corrosion inhibitors ifakwe kumtya wombhobho, i-corrosion ayikwazi ukucinezelwa ngokufanelekileyo intsimbi ayinakukwazi ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zokusebenza kwexesha elide kwiindawo ezinobungozi ze-CO28,9,10.Abaphandi baphendukela kwi-duplex steels stainless (DSS) kunye nokuchasana okungcono kwe-corrosion.I-2205 DSS, umxholo we-ferrite kunye ne-austenite kwintsimbi imalunga ne-50%, inezixhobo ezibalaseleyo zoomatshini kunye nokumelana nokugqwala, ifilimu ye-surface passivation ixinene, inokumelana ne-corrosion egqwesileyo, ixabiso lisezantsi kune-nickel-based alloys 11 , 12. Ngaloo ndlela, i-2205 DSS isetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo njengesitya soxinzelelo kwindawo engcolileyo, i-oyile iqulathe i-oyile kwindawo engcolileyo ye-CO2, i-cooler yamanzi ye-condensing system kwi-oyile ye-offshore kunye nemimandla yeekhemikhali 13, 14, 15, kodwa i-2205 DSS ingaba ne-corrosive perforation. enkonzweni.
Okwangoku, izifundo ezininzi ze-CO2- kunye ne-Cl-pitting corrosion 2205 DSS ziye zenziwa kweli lizwe nakwamanye amazwe [16,17,18].U-Ebrahimi19 ufumene ukuba ukongeza ityuwa ye-potassium ye-dichromate kwisisombululo se-NaCl kunokuthintela i-2205 DSS pitting, kwaye ukwandisa ukuxinwa kwe-potassium dichromate kwandisa ukushisa okubalulekileyo kwe-2205 DSS pitting.Nangona kunjalo, amandla e-pitting ye-2205 DSS ayanda ngenxa yokongezwa kwe-concentration ethile ye-NaCl kwi-potassium dichromate kwaye iyancipha ngokunyuka koxinzelelo lwe-NaCl.I-Han20 ibonisa ukuba kwi-30 ukuya kwi-120 ° C, isakhiwo se-2205 DSS passivating film ngumxube we-Cr2O3 yangaphakathi, i-FeO yangaphandle, kunye ne-Cr ecebileyo;xa iqondo lobushushu linyuka ukuya kwi-150 °C, ifilimu ye-passivation iyancibilika., Ulwakhiwo lwangaphakathi lutshintsha kwi-Cr2O3 kunye ne-Cr (OH) 3, kunye noluhlu lwangaphandle lutshintsha kwi-Fe (II, III) oxide kunye ne-Fe (III) hydroxide.I-Peguet21 yafumanisa ukuba i-pitting emileyo ye-S2205 yensimbi engenasici kwisisombululo se-NaCl ngokuqhelekileyo iyenzeka kungekhona ngaphantsi kweqondo lokushisa elibalulekileyo (CPT) kodwa kuluhlu lweqondo lokushisa (TTI).I-Thiadi22 iqukumbele ukuba njengoko i-concentration ye-NaCl inyuka, ukuxhathisa kwe-S2205 DSS kunciphisa kakhulu, kwaye i-negative i-application esebenzayo, i-corrosion resistance ye-corrosion iyancipha kakhulu.
Kweli nqaku, ukuskena okunamandla okuguquguqukayo, i-impedance spectroscopy, ukubakho rhoqo, i-Mott-Schottky curve kunye ne-optical electron microscopy zisetyenzisiwe ukufunda ifuthe letyuwa ephezulu, ukuxinwa kwe-Cl ephezulu kunye nobushushu kwi-corrosion behavior ye-2205 DSS.kunye ne-photoelectron spectroscopy, ebonelela ngesiseko sethiyori sokusebenza ngokukhuselekileyo kwe-2205 DSS kwindawo yeoli kunye negesi equkethe i-CO2.
Izinto zokuvavanya zikhethwa kwisisombululo esiphathwe ngentsimbi ye-2205 DSS (i-steel grade 110ksi), kunye nokwakhiwa kweekhemikhali eziphambili kuboniswe kwiThebhile 1.
Ubungakanani besampula ye-electrochemical yi-10 mm × 10 mm × 5 mm, ihlanjululwa nge-acetone ukususa ioli kunye ne-ethanol epheleleyo kwaye yomiswe.Umva wesiqwenga sovavanyo uthengiswa ukudibanisa ubude obufanelekileyo bocingo lobhedu.Emva kwe-welding, sebenzisa i-multimeter (VC9801A) ukujonga ukuqhutyelwa kombane kwiqhekeza lovavanyo oludibeneyo, kwaye emva koko utywine indawo engasebenziyo nge-epoxy.Sebenzisa i-400 #, 600 #, 800 #, 1200 #, 2000 # i-silicon carbide sandpaper yamanzi ukugudisa ubuso bomsebenzi kumatshini wokugulisa nge-0.25um ye-agent yokugulisa de uburhabaxa bomphezulu Ra≤1.6um, kwaye ekugqibeleni ucoce kwaye ubeke kwi-thermostat. .
I-Priston (P4000A) i-electrochemical workstation ene-three-electrode system yasetyenziswa.I-electrode yeplatinam (Pt) enendawo eyi-1 cm2 esetyenziswa njenge-electrode encedisayo, i-DSS 2205 (enendawo eyi-1 cm2) yayisetyenziswa njenge-electrode esebenzayo, kunye ne-electrode yereferensi (Ag/AgCl) yasetyenziswa. esetyenzisiweyo.Isisombululo somzekelo esisetyenzisiweyo kuvavanyo silungiselelwe ngokwe (Itheyibhile 2).Ngaphambi kovavanyo, isisombululo esiphezulu se-N2 (99.99%) sidluliselwe kwi-1 h, kwaye i-CO2 yadluliselwa kwi-30 min ukuze i-deoxygenate isisombululo., kunye ne-CO2 kwisisombululo yayisoloko ikwimeko yokugcwalisa.
Okokuqala, faka isampuli kwi-tank equlethe isisombululo sokuvavanya, kwaye uyibeke kwindawo yokuhlambela amanzi ashushu rhoqo.Iqondo lokushisa lokuqala liyi-2 ° C, kwaye ukunyuka kweqondo lokushisa kulawulwa kwinqanaba le-1 ° C / min, kwaye uluhlu lweqondo lokushisa lulawulwa.ku-2-80°C.iCelsius.Uvavanyo luqala ngokuqhubekayo (-0.6142 Vs.Ag / AgCl) kwaye i-curve yovavanyo yi-It curve.Ngokomgangatho obalulekileyo wovavanyo lobushushu, i-It curve inokwaziwa.Iqondo lobushushu apho ubuninzi bangoku buphakama ukuya kwi-100 μA/cm2 bubizwa ngokuba bubushushu bomgodi obalulekileyo.Umyinge wobushushu obubalulekileyo bomgodi yi-66.9 °C.Ukushisa kovavanyo lwe-polarization curve kunye ne-impedance spectrum yakhethwa ukuba ibe yi-30 ° C, i-45 ° C, i-60 ° C kunye ne-75 ° C, ngokulandelanayo, kwaye uvavanyo luphindwe kathathu phantsi kweemeko zesampuli ezifanayo ukunciphisa ukuphambuka okunokwenzeka.
Isampulu yesinyithi evezwe kwisisombululo yaqala i-polarized kwi-cathode enokubakho (-1.3 V) kwi-5 min ngaphambi kokuvavanya ijika le-polarization ye-potentiodynamic ukuphelisa ifilimu ye-oxide eyenziwe kwindawo yokusebenza yesampuli, kwaye emva koko kwisiphaluka esivulekileyo I-1 h de i-voltage ye-corrosion ayiyi kusekwa.Umlinganiselo wokuskena we-curve ye-polarization eguquguqukayo yamiselwa kwi-0.333mV / s, kwaye i-scan interval ye-scan yamiselwa -0.3 ~ 1.2V vs. OCP.Ukuqinisekisa ukuchaneka kovavanyo, iimeko zovavanyo ezifanayo ziphindwe ngamaxesha e-3.
Isoftware yovavanyo lwe-Impedance spectrum-Versa Studio.Uvavanyo lwaqala ukuqhutyelwa kwinqanaba elivulekileyo elivulekileyo, i-amplitude ye-voltage ye-disturbance alternating ibekwe kwi-10 mV, kwaye i-frequency yokulinganisa ibekwe kwi-10-2-105 Hz.idatha spectrum emva kovavanyo.
Inkqubo yokuvavanya ijika lexesha langoku: khetha amandla ahlukeneyo okudlula ngokweziphumo ze-anodic polarization curve, ukulinganisa i-It curve ngokuqhubekayo, kwaye ulungele ijika le-logarithm ephindwe kabini ukubala ukuthambeka kwegophe elifakelwe uhlalutyo lwefilimu.indlela yokwenziwa kwefilimu edlulayo.
Emva kokuba i-voltage yesiphaluka evulekileyo izinzile, yenza uvavanyo lwe-curve ye-Mott-Schottky.Uvavanyo olunokubakho lwe-scan range 1.0 ~ -1.0V (vS.Ag/AgCl), izinga lokuskena i-20mV / s, i-frequency yokuvavanya isethi kwi-1000Hz, isignali yokuvuselela i-5mV.
Sebenzisa i-X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) (ESCALAB 250Xi, UK) ukuvavanya i-sputter ukubunjwa kunye nemeko yekhemikhali yefilimu ye-surface passivation film emva kwe-2205 ye-DSS yokwenziwa kwefilimu kwaye wenze umlinganiselo wedatha ye-peak-fit processing usebenzisa i-software ephezulu.xa kuthelekiswa noovimba beenkcukacha ze-atomic spectra kunye noncwadi olunxulumeneyo23 kwaye zilinganiswe kusetyenziswa ii-C1s (284.8 eV).I-morphology ye-corrosion kunye nobunzulu bemingxuma kwiisampuli zibonakaliswe ngokusebenzisa i-ultra-deep optical digital microscope (Zeiss Smart Zoom5, eJamani).
Isampuli yavavanywa kwikhono elifanayo (-0.6142 V rel. Ag / AgCl) ngendlela eqhubekayo enokwenzeka kunye ne-corrosion current curve yabhalwa kunye nexesha.Ngokomgangatho wovavanyo lwe-CPT, ukuxinana kwangoku kwe-polarization kwanda ngokuthe ngcembe ngokunyuka kweqondo lokushisa.I-1 ibonisa ukushisa okubalulekileyo kwe-pitting ye-2205 DSS kwisisombululo esifanisiweyo esiqulethe i-100 g / L Cl- kunye ne-CO2 egcweleyo.Ingabonwa ukuba kwiqondo lokushisa eliphantsi lesisombululo, ubuninzi bangoku abutshintshi ngokunyuka kwexesha lokuvavanya.Kwaye xa ukushisa kwesisombululo kwanda kwixabiso elithile, ukuxinana kwangoku kwanda ngokukhawuleza, kubonisa ukuba izinga lokuchithwa kwefilimu edlulayo landa ngokunyuka kweqondo lokushisa kwesisombululo.Xa ubushushu besisombululo esiluqilima bonyuswa ukusuka kwi-2°C ukuya malunga ne-67°C, ukuxinana kwangoku kwe-polarization kwe-2205DSS konyuka ukuya kwi-100µA/cm2, kunye ne-avareji yobushushu obuphakathi kwe-2205DSS yi-66.9°C, malunga ne-16.6°C. ngaphezulu kuno-2205DSS.umgangatho 3.5 wt.% NaCl (0.7 V)26.Ubushushu bomgodi obubalulekileyo buxhomekeke kwisakhono esisetyenzisiweyo ngexesha lokulinganisa: ukuthoba amandla asetyenzisiweyo, kokukhona kuphezulu umlinganiselo wobushushu obubalulekileyo bomngxuma.
I-Pitting i-curve ebalulekileyo yokushisa ye-2205 i-duplex yensimbi engenasici kwisisombululo esilinganisiweyo esiqulethe i-100 g / L Cl- kunye ne-CO2 egcweleyo.
Kwikhiwane.I-2 ibonisa izicwangciso ze-ac impedance ze-2205 DSS kwizisombululo ezifaniswayo eziqukethe i-100 g / L Cl- kunye ne-CO2 egcweleyo kumaqondo okushisa ahlukeneyo.Ingabonwa ukuba umzobo weNyquist we-2205DSS kumaqondo okushisa ahlukeneyo aqukethe i-high-frequency, i-mid-frequency kunye ne-low-frequency resistance-capacitance arcs, kunye ne-resistance-capacitance arcs ayikho i-semicircular.I-radius ye-capacitive arc ibonisa ixabiso lokumelana nefilimu edlulayo kunye nexabiso lokuchasana nokudluliselwa kwentlawulo ngexesha lokuphendula kwe-electrode.Ngokuqhelekileyo yamkelwa ukuba i-radius enkulu ye-arc capacitive, ingcono ukuxhatshazwa kwe-corrosion ye-metal substrate kwisisombululo27.Kwiqondo lobushushu lesisombululo lama-30 °C, iradiyasi ye-capacitive arc kwidayagram yeNyquist kunye ne-engile yesigaba kwidayagram ye-impedance modulus |Z|I-Bode yeyona iphezulu kwaye i-2205 DSS corrosion yeyona iphantsi.Njengoko ubushushu besisombululo busanda, i |Z|I-impedance modulus, i-arc radius kunye nokunciphisa ukuchasana kwesisombululo, ngaphezu koko, i-angle yesigaba nayo iyancipha ukusuka kwi-79 Ω ukuya kwi-58 Ω kummandla ophakathi ojikelezayo, obonisa incopho ebanzi kunye nomgangatho wangaphakathi oxineneyo kunye ne-sarse (porous) umaleko wangaphandle yeyona nto iphambili. Iimpawu zefilim engaqhelekanga engenzi nto28.Ngoko ke, njengoko iqondo lokushisa liphakama, ifilimu edlulayo eyenziwe phezu kwe-substrate yensimbi iyachithwa kwaye iqhekeke, eyenza buthathaka iimpawu zokukhusela ze-substrate kwaye ziphazamise ukuxhathisa kwe-corrosion29.
Ukusebenzisa i-software ye-ZSimDeme ukuze ihambelane nedatha ye-impedance spectrum, isiphaluka esilinganisiweyo esilinganayo siboniswe kwi-Fig. 330, apho i-Rs iyisisombululo esifanisiweyo sokumelana, i-Q1 yi-capacitance yefilimu, i-Rf ukuchasana kwefilimu eyenziwa yi-passivating, i-Q2 iphindwe kabini. i-layer capacitance, kunye ne-Rct luxhathiso lokudluliselwa kwentlawulo.Ukususela kwiziphumo zokufakwa kwitheyibhile.I-3 ibonisa ukuba njengoko ukushisa kwesisombululo esilinganisiweyo sanda, ixabiso le-n1 liyancipha ukusuka kwi-0.841 ukuya kwi-0.769, ebonisa ukwanda kwesithuba phakathi kwee-capacitors ezimbini kunye nokuncipha kobuninzi.Ukuchasana kokudluliselwa kwentlawulo ye-Rct yehla ngokuthe ngcembe ukusuka kwi-2.958 × 1014 ukuya kwi-2.541 × 103 Ω cm2, ebonisa ukuhla kancinci kwi-corrosion resistance of the material.Ukuchasana kwesisombululo se-Rs kuncipha ukusuka kwi-2.953 ukuya kwi-2.469 Ω cm2, kunye ne-capacitance ye-Q2 yefilimu ehambayo yehla ukusuka kwi-5.430 10-4 ukuya kwi-1.147 10-3 Ω cm2, ukuqhutyelwa kwesisombululo kwanda, ukuzinza kwefilimu edlulayo yehla. , kunye nesisombululo Cl-, SO42-, njl.) ekunyuseni okuphakathi, okukhawulezisa ukutshatyalaliswa kwefilimu edlulayo31.Oku kukhokelela ekunciphiseni ukuxhatshazwa kwefilimu i-Rf (ukusuka kwi-4662 ukuya kwi-849 Ω cm2) kunye nokuncipha kwe-polarization resistance Rp (Rct + Rf) eyenziwe phezu kwe-duplex yensimbi engenasici.
Ngoko ke, ubushushu besisombululo buchaphazela ukuxhathisa kwe-DSS 2205. Kwiqondo lokushisa eliphantsi lesisombululo, inkqubo yokusabela iyenzeka phakathi kwe-cathode kunye ne-anode phambi kwe-Fe2 +, enegalelo ekupheliseni ngokukhawuleza kunye nokuhlwa kwe-corrosion. i-anode, kunye nokugqithiswa kwefilimu eyenziwe phezu komhlaba, i-Density egcweleyo kunye nephezulu, ukugqithiswa kwentlawulo yokuxhathisa phakathi kwezisombululo, kunciphisa ukuchithwa kwe-matrix yesinyithi kunye nokubonisa ukuxhathisa okungcono kokuhlwa.Njengoko iqondo lobushushu lesisombululo lisanda, ukuchasana nokuhanjiswa kweRct kuncipha, isantya sokuphendula phakathi kwe-ion kwisisombululo siyakhawuleza, kwaye isantya sokusasazwa kwee-ion ezinobundlongo siyakhawuleza, ukuze iimveliso zomhlwa ziphinde zenziwe phezu komhlaba. i-substrate evela kumphezulu we-metal substrate.Ifilimu ye-thinner passivating iyancipha iimpawu zokukhusela ze-substrate.
Kwikhiwane.Umzobo we-4 ubonisa ii-curves ze-polarization eziguqukayo ze-2205 DSS kwizisombululo ezifaniswayo eziqukethe i-100 g / L Cl- kunye ne-CO2 egcweleyo kumaqondo okushisa ahlukeneyo.Inokubonwa kumzobo ukuba xa amandla ekuluhlu ukusuka ku-0.4 ukuya kwi-0.9 V, i-anode curves kumaqondo obushushu ahlukeneyo anemimandla ecacileyo yokudlula, kwaye amandla okuzitshabalalisa amalunga -0.7 ukuya ku-0.5 V. Uxinaniso luyanda ngoku ukuya kuthi ga kwi-100 μA/cm233 ijika le-anode lidla ngokubizwa ngokuba yi-pitting potential (Eb okanye i-Etra).Njengoko iqondo lobushushu linyuka, ixesha lokudlula liyancipha, amandla okuzitshabalalisa ayancipha, uxinano lwangoku lwe-corrosion luthande ukunyuka, kwaye ijika le-polarization lihle liye ngasekunene, elibonisa ukuba ifilimu eyenziwe yi-DSS 2205 kwisisombululo esifanisiweyo siyasebenza. umsebenzi.umxholo we-100 g / l Cl- kunye ne-CO2 egcweleyo, inyusa uvakalelo kwi-corrosion ye-pitting, yonakaliswa lula yi-ion enobudlova, ekhokelela ekunyuseni kwe-corrosion ye-matrix yensimbi kunye nokunciphisa ukuxhathisa ukubola.
Inokubonwa kwiThebhile 4 ukuba xa iqondo lokushisa liphakama ukusuka kwi-30 ° C ukuya kwi-45 ° C, amandla okugqithisa okuhambelanayo ayancipha kancane, kodwa ukuxinwa kwangoku kobukhulu obuhambelanayo kwandisa kakhulu, kubonisa ukuba ukukhuselwa kwefilimu edlulayo phantsi kwezi. iimeko zonyuka ngokunyuka kwamaqondo obushushu.Xa iqondo lobushushu lifikelela kuma-60°C, amandla okugoba ahambelanayo ayancipha kakhulu, kwaye lo mkhwa ubonakala ngakumbi njengoko ubushushu bunyuka.Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba kwi-75 ° C i-peak ebonakalayo ebonakalayo ebonakalayo ibonakala kumzobo, ebonisa ubukho be-corrosion ye-metastable pitting on the surface sample.
Ngoko ke, ngokunyuka kweqondo lokushisa kwesisombululo, isixa se-oksijini echithwe kwisisombululo siyancipha, ixabiso le-pH yendawo yefilimu iyancipha, kwaye ukuzinza kwefilimu edlulayo kuyancipha.Ukongezelela, ukuphakama kweqondo lokushisa kwesisombululo, kuphezulu umsebenzi we-ion ezinobundlobongela kwisisombululo kunye nesantya esiphezulu somonakalo kwifilimu yomhlaba we-substrate.Iioksidi ezenziwe kumaleko wefilim ziyawa ngokulula kwaye zisabelane neecations kumaleko wefilim ukuze zenze iikhompawundi ezinyibilikayo, zinyusa amathuba okuba imingxuma.Ekubeni uluhlu lwefilimu oluhlaziyiweyo lukhululekile, umphumo wokukhusela kwi-substrate uphantsi, okwandisa ukubola kwe-metal substrate.Iziphumo zovavanyo olunamandla lwepolarization luhambelana neziphumo ze-impedance spectroscopy.
Kwikhiwane.Umzobo we-5a ubonisa I-curves ye-2205 DSS kwisisombululo semodeli equkethe i-100 g / L Cl- kunye ne-CO2 egcweleyo.Uxinaniso lwangoku lwe-passivation njengomsebenzi wexesha lufunyenwe emva kwe-polarization kumaqondo obushushu ahlukeneyo kwi-1 h kwikhono le-300 mV (ngokunxulumene ne-Ag/AgCl).Inokubonwa ukuba i-passivation yangoku yoxinaniso intsingiselo ye-2205 DSS kwindawo efanayo kunye namaqondo obushushu ahlukeneyo ngokusisiseko ayafana, kwaye indlela iyancipha ngokuthe ngcembe ngokuhamba kwexesha kwaye ithande ukuba lula.Njengoko iqondo lobushushu liye landa ngokuthe ngcembe, ukuxinana kwangoku kwe-2205 DSS kwanda, okwakuhambelana neziphumo ze-polarization, eziye zabonisa ukuba iimpawu zokukhusela zomaleko wefilimu kwi-substrate yensimbi yehla ngokunyuka kweqondo lokushisa.
I-Potentiostatic polarization curves ye-2205 DSS kwinqanaba elifanayo lokubunjwa kwefilimu kunye namaqondo okushisa ahlukeneyo.(a) Uxinaniso lwangoku xa luthelekiswa nexesha, (b) Ilogarithm yokukhula kwefilimu.
Phanda ubudlelwane phakathi kokunyanzeliswa koxinzelelo lwangoku kunye nexesha kumaqondo obushushu ahlukeneyo kwisakhono sokwenza ifilimu efanayo, njengoko kubonisiwe ku-(1)34:
Apho i-passivation yangoku yoxinaniso kwikhono lokwakheka kwefilimu, i-A / cm2.A yindawo ye-electrode esebenzayo, i-cm2.K kukuthambeka kwegophe elifakwe kuyo.ixesha, s
Kwikhiwane.I-5b ibonisa i-logI kunye ne-logt curves ye-2205 DSS kumaqondo okushisa ahlukeneyo kwinqanaba elifanayo lokubunjwa kwefilimu.Ngokutsho kwedatha yoncwadi, i-35 xa umgca we-slopes K = -1, umgca wefilimu owenziwe kumphezulu we-substrate unzima kwaye unokumelana nokugqwesa okungcono kwi-substrate yensimbi.Kwaye xa umgca othe tye uthambeka K = -0.5, umaleko wefilimu owenziwe kumphezulu ukhululekile, uqulethe imingxuma emincinci emininzi kwaye unokumelana ne-corrosion embi kwi-substrate yensimbi.Ingabonwa ukuba kwi-30 ° C, 45 ° C, 60 ° C, kunye ne-75 ° C, isakhiwo sefilimu sitshintsha ukusuka kwiipore ezixineneyo ukuya kwi-pores ekhululekile ngokuhambelana ne-slope ekhethiweyo yomgca.Ngokutsho kwePoint Defect Model (PDM) 36,37 kunokubonwa ukuba amandla asetyenzisiweyo ngexesha lovavanyo aluchaphazeli ubuninzi bangoku, okubonisa ukuba ubushushu buchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo umlinganiselo we-anode yangoku ngexesha lovavanyo, ngoko ngoku kwandisa ngokunyuka kwamaqondo obushushu.isisombululo, kunye nokuxinana kwe-2205 DSS kwanda, kwaye ukuxhathisa kwe-corrosion kuyancipha.
Iipropati ze-semiconductor yomaleko wefilimu obhityileyo owenziwe kwi-DSS ichaphazela ukuxhathisa kwayo kokutya38, uhlobo lwe-semiconductor kunye noxinano lwe-carrier ye-film ebhityileyo ichaphazela ukuqhekeka kunye nokugxumeka komgca wefilimu obhityileyo i-DSS39,40 apho i-capacitance C kunye ne-E Umaleko wefilimu onokuthi ubhitye uyanelisa ubudlelwane be-MS, intlawulo yendawo ye-semiconductor ibalwa ngale ndlela ilandelayo:
Kwifomula, ε yimvume yefilimu edlulayo kwiqondo lokushisa, elilingana ne-1230, ε0 yi-vacuum permittivity, elingana no-8.85 × 10-14 F / cm, E yintlawulo yesibini (1.602 × 10-19 C) ;I-ND bubuninzi be-n-type semiconductor donors, i-cm–3, i-NA kukuxinana kokwamkelwa kwe-p-type semiconductor, i-cm–3, i-EFB yi-flat-band enokubakho, i-V, i-K yi-Boltzmann engaguqukiyo, 1.38 × 10–3 .23 J/K, T – iqondo lobushushu, K.
I-slope kunye ne-intercept yomgca odibeneyo ingabalwa ngokufaka ukuhlukana komgca kwi-curve ye-MS elinganisiweyo, i-concentration esetyenzisiweyo (ND), i-concentration eyamkelekileyo (NA), kunye ne-flat band potential (Efb)42.
Kwikhiwane.I-6 ibonisa i-Mott-Schottky curve ye-surface layer yefilimu ye-2205 ye-DSS eyenziwe kwisisombululo esilinganisiweyo esiqukethe i-100 g / l Cl- kwaye igcwele i-CO2 kwindawo enokwenzeka (-300 mV) ngeyure ye-1.Kuyabonakala ukuba zonke iileya zefilim ezibhityileyo ezenziwe kumaqondo obushushu ahlukeneyo zineempawu ze-n+p-type bipolar semiconductors.I-n-type semiconductor inesisombululo se-anion selectivity, esinokuthi sithintele i-cations yensimbi engenasici ukuba isasazeke kwisisombululo ngokusebenzisa ifilimu ye-passivation, ngelixa i-p-type semiconductor ine-cation selectivity, enokuthintela i-anion ephazamisayo kwisisombululo ukusuka kwi-passivation crossings Ifilimu iza. ngaphandle komphezulu we-substrate 26.Kwakhona kunokubonwa ukuba kukho utshintsho olugudileyo phakathi kweegophe ezimbini ezifanelekileyo, ifilimu ikwimeko yebhendi ethe tyaba, kwaye ibhendi enokubakho ye-Efb ingasetyenziselwa ukumisela indawo yebhanti yamandla ye-semiconductor kunye nokuvavanya i-electrochemical yayo. uzinzo43..
Ngokweziphumo ze-MC curve fitting fitting eboniswe kwiThebhile 5, i-concentration ephumayo (ND) kunye ne-concentration yokwamkela (NA) kunye ne-flat band enokubakho i-Efb 44 yomyalelo ofanayo wobukhulu babalwe.Ubuninzi besixhobo sokuphatha esisetyenzisiweyo sangoku sibonakalisa iziphene zamanqaku kumaleko wentlawulo yendawo kunye nokubanakho ukugoba kwefilimu edlulayo.Ukuphakama kogxininiso lwe-carrier esetyenzisiweyo, kulula ukuphuka kwefilimu kwaye iphezulu amathuba okuba i-substrate corrosion45.Ukongezelela, ngokunyuka ngokuthe ngcembe kwiqondo lokushisa kwesisombululo, i-ND emitter yoxinaniso kwi-film layer inyuke ukusuka kwi-5.273 × 1020 cm-3 ukuya kwi-1.772 × 1022 cm-3, kwaye i-NA host concentration inyuke ukusuka kwi-4.972 × 1021 ukuya kwi-4.592 ×1023.cm - njengoko kubonisiwe kwifig.I-3, i-flat band enokuthi inyuke ukusuka kwi-0.021 V ukuya kwi-0.753 V, inani labathwali kwisisombululo landa, ukusabela phakathi kwe-ion kwisisombululo kuqinisa, kwaye ukuzinza kwefilimu kuyancipha.Njengoko iqondo lobushushu lesisombululo lisanda, eliya lincinci ixabiso elipheleleyo lethambeka lomgca osondeleyo, kokukhona uxinaniso lwabathwali kwisisombululo, liphezulu izinga lokusasaza phakathi kwee-ion, kwaye likhulu inani lezithuba ze-ion kwi-ion. umphezulu woluhlu lwefilimu., ngaloo ndlela ukunciphisa i-metal substrate, ukuzinza kunye nokumelana nokubola kwe-46,47.
Ukubunjwa kweekhemikhali zefilimu kunempembelelo ebalulekileyo ekuzinzeni kwee-cations zetsimbi kunye nokusebenza kwe-semiconductors, kwaye ukutshintshwa kweqondo lokushisa kunempembelelo ebalulekileyo ekubunjweni kwefilimu yensimbi engenasici.Kwikhiwane.Umzobo we-7 ubonisa i-XPS epheleleyo yomgangatho ophezulu wefilimu ye-2205 ye-DSS kwisisombululo esilinganisiweyo esiqulethe i-100 g / L Cl- kunye ne-CO2 egcweleyo.Izinto eziphambili kwiifilimu ezenziwe ngamatshiphu kumaqondo obushushu ahlukeneyo ziyafana, kwaye ezona nxalenye ziphambili zeefilimu ziyiFe, Cr, Ni, Mo, O, N, kunye noC. Ngoko ke, amacandelo aphambili omaleko wefilimu yiFe. , I-Cr, i-Ni, i-Mo, i-O, i-N kunye ne-C. I-Container ene-Cr oxides, i-Fe oxides kunye ne-hydroxides kunye nenani elincinci le-Ni kunye ne-Mo oxides.
I-XPS 2205 DSS spectra epheleleyo ethathwe kumaqondo obushushu ahlukeneyo.(a) 30 ° С, (b) 45 ° С, (c) 60 ° С, (d) 75 ° С.
Ukubunjwa okuphambili kwefilimu kuhambelana neempawu ze-thermodynamic ze-compounds kwifilimu edlulayo.Ngokutsho kwamandla okubopha izinto eziphambili kwifilimu, enikwe kwitheyibhile.6, kunokubonwa ukuba iimpawu eziphakamileyo ze-spectral ze-Cr2p3 / 2 zohlulwe zibe yintsimbi ye-Cr0 (573.7 ± 0.2 eV), i-Cr2O3 (574.5 ± 0.3 eV), kunye ne-Cr (OH) 3 (575.4 ± 0. 1 eV) njengoko kuboniswe kwi-Figure 8a, apho i-oxide eyenziwe yi-Cr element iyona nto iphambili kwifilimu, edlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuxhathiseni ukubola kwefilimu kunye nokusebenza kwayo kwe-electrochemical.Ubunzulu obuphezulu be-Cr2O3 kuluhlu lwefilimu luphezulu kunolo lwe-Cr(OH)3.Nangona kunjalo, njengoko ubushushu besisombululo esiluqilima bunyuka, incopho ye-Cr2O3 iyancipha ngokuthe ngcembe, ngelixa incopho ye-Cr (OH) 3 ikhula ngokuthe ngcembe, nto leyo ebonisa uguquko olucacileyo lwe-Cr3 + ephambili kumaleko wefilimu ukusuka kwi-Cr2O3 ukuya kwi-Cr (OH) 3, kwaye ukushisa kwesisombululo kwandisa.
Amandla okubopha iincopho zophawu lwe-spectrum ye-Fe2p3/2 ikakhulu iqulathe iincopho ezine ze-metallic state Fe0 (706.4 ± 0.2 eV), i-Fe3O4 (707.5 ± 0.2 eV), i-FeO (709.5 ± 0.1 eV) kunye ne-FeOO1H (i-FeOO1H) kunye ne-Fe. eV) ± 0.3 eV), njengoko kuboniswe kwi-Fig. 8b, i-Fe ikhona ikakhulu kwifilimu eyenziwe ngendlela ye-Fe2 + kunye ne-Fe3 +.I-Fe2+ ukusuka kwi-FeO ilawula i-Fe (II) kwiincopho zamandla ezibophelelayo ezisezantsi, ngelixa i-Fe3O4 kunye ne-Fe (III) iikhompawundi ze-FeOOH zilawula kwiincopho zamandla ezibophelelayo eziphezulu48,49.Ubukhulu obunxulumene nencopho ye-Fe3 + iphezulu kune-Fe2 +, kodwa ubukhulu be-Fe3 + peak buyancipha ngokunyuka kweqondo lokushisa kwesisombululo, kunye nobukhulu obunxulumene nencopho ye-Fe2 + buyanda, ebonisa utshintsho kwizinto ezingundoqo kuluhlu lwefilimu ukusuka. I-Fe3 + ukuya kwi-Fe2 + ukwandisa ubushushu besisombululo.
Iimpawu ze-spectral ze-spectral ze-Mo3d5 / 2 ikakhulu ziquka izikhundla ezimbini eziphezulu ze-Mo3d5 / 2 kunye ne-Mo3d3 / 243.50, ngelixa i-Mo3d5 / 2 ibandakanya i-metallic Mo (227.5 ± 0.3 eV), i-Mo4+ (228.9 ± 0.2 eV) kunye ne-Mo6. ), ngelixa i-Mo3d3/2 iqulethe i-metallic Mo (230.4 ± 0.1 eV), i-Mo4+ (231.5 ± 0.2 eV) kunye ne-Mo6+ (232, 8 ± 0.1 eV) njengoko kubonisiwe kuMfanekiso 8c, ngoko ke i-Mo elements ikhona kwi-valence engaphezu kwezintathu. imeko yomaleko wefilimu.Amandla abophezelayo encopho ye-spectral ye-spectral ye-Ni2p3 / 2 iquka i-Ni0 (852.4 ± 0.2 eV) kunye ne-NiO (854.1 ± 0.2 eV), njengoko kubonisiwe kwi-Fig. 8g ngokulandelanayo.Incopho ye-N1s yeempawu ibandakanya i-N (399.6 ± 0.3 eV), njengoko kubonisiwe kumfanekiso we-8d.Iimpawu ze-O1 eziphakamileyo ziquka i-O2- (529.7 ± 0.2 eV), i-OH- (531.2 ± 0.2 eV) kunye ne-H2O (531.8 ± 0.3 eV), njengoko kubonisiwe kuMfanekiso. , ezisetyenziswa kakhulu kwi-oxidation okanye i-hydrogen oxidation ye-Cr kunye ne-Fe kuluhlu lwefilimu.Ubungakanani bencopho obunxulumene ne-OH- bonyuke kakhulu njengoko ubushushu bonyuka ukusuka kuma-30°C ukuya kuma-75°C.Ngoko ke, ngokunyuka kweqondo lokushisa, ukubunjwa kwezinto eziphambili ze-O2-kuluhlu lwefilimu lutshintsha ukusuka kwi-O2 ukuya kwi-OH- kunye ne-O2-.
Kwikhiwane.Umzobo we-9 ubonisa i-microscopic surface morphology yesampuli ye-2205 DSS emva kokuguquguquka kwe-polarization enamandla kwisisombululo esine-100 g / L Cl- kunye ne-CO2 egcweleyo.Kuyabonakala ukuba kumphezulu weesampulu ezifakwe kwi-polarized kumaqondo okushisa ahlukeneyo, kukho imigodi ye-corrosion ye-degrees ezahlukeneyo, oku kwenzeka kwisisombululo se-ion enobudlova, kwaye ngokunyuka kweqondo lokushisa kwesisombululo, ukubola okukhulu kwenzeka kwi umphezulu weesampuli.isubstrate.Inani lemingxuma yemingxuma kwiyunithi nganye kunye nobunzulu bamaziko e-corrosion ayanda.
I-Corrosion curves ye-2205 DSS kwizisombululo zemodeli eziqukethe i-100 g / l Cl- kunye ne-CO2 egcweleyo kumaqondo okushisa ahlukeneyo (a) 30 ° C, (b) 45 ° C, (c) 60 ° C, (d) 75 ° C c.
Ke ngoko, ukwanda kweqondo lokushisa kuya kwandisa umsebenzi wecandelo ngalinye le-DSS, kunye nokwandisa umsebenzi we-ion ezinobundlobongela kwindawo enobundlobongela, okubangela inqanaba elithile lomonakalo kumphezulu wesampulu, oya kwandisa umsebenzi wokugoba., kwaye ukubunjwa kwemigodi ye-corrosion kuya kwanda.Izinga lokwenziwa kwemveliso liya kunyuka kwaye ukuxhathisa kwe-corrosion yezinto kuya kuncipha51,52,53,54,55.
Kwikhiwane.I-10 ibonisa i-morphology kunye nobunzulu be-pitting ye-2205 isampuli ye-DSS i-polarized kunye ne-ultra high deep of field optical digital microscope.Ukususela kwikhiwane.I-10a ibonisa ukuba imingxuma emincinci yomhlwa nayo yavela ejikeleze imingxuma emikhulu, ebonisa ukuba ifilimu edlulayo kumphezulu wesampulu yatshatyalaliswa ngokuyinxenye ngokwenza imingxuma yokuhlwa kuxinaniso olunikiweyo lwangoku, kwaye obona bukhulu bobunzulu bomgodi yi-12.9 µm.njengoko kubonisiwe kuMfanekiso 10b.
I-DSS ibonisa ukuxhathisa okungcono kwe-corrosion, isizathu esona sizathu kukuba ifilimu eyenziwe phezu kwentsimbi ikhuselwe kakuhle kwisisombululo, i-Mott-Schottky, ngokweziphumo ze-XPS ezingentla kunye noncwadi oluhambelanayo 13,56,57,58, ifilimu ngokukodwa. idlula ngoku kulandelayo Le yinkqubo ye-oxidation ye-Fe kunye ne-Cr.
I-Fe2+ iyanyibilika ngokulula kwaye idlule kwi-interface 53 phakathi kwefilimu kunye nesisombululo, kunye nenkqubo yokusabela kwe-cathodic ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
Kwimeko ye-corrod, ifilimu yesakhiwo se-two-layer yenziwa, eyona nto iqulethe i-inner layer ye-iron kunye ne-chromium oxides kunye ne-hydroxide yangaphandle, kwaye i-ion ivame ukukhula kwi-pores yefilimu.Ukubunjwa kweekhemikhali zefilimu edlulayo ihambelana neempawu zayo ze-semiconductor, njengoko kubonakaliswe yi-curve ye-Mott-Schottky, ebonisa ukuba ukubunjwa kwefilimu ehambayo yi-n + p-uhlobo kwaye ineempawu ze-bipolar.Iziphumo ze-XPS zibonisa ukuba umaleko wangaphandle wefilimu edlulayo ikakhulu iqulunqwe yi-Fe oxides kunye ne-hydroxides ebonisa iimpawu ze-n-type semiconductor, kwaye umaleko wangaphakathi uqulunqwe ikakhulu nge-Cr oxides kunye ne-hydroxides ebonisa iimpawu ze-p-type semiconductor.
I-2205 DSS inokumelana okuphezulu ngenxa yomxholo wayo ophezulu we-Cr17.54 kwaye ibonisa amanqanaba ahlukeneyo e-pitting ngenxa ye-microscopic galvanic corrosion55 phakathi kwe-duplex izakhiwo.I-Pitting corrosion yenye yezona ntlobo zixhaphakileyo ze-corrosion kwi-DSS, kwaye ubushushu yenye yezinto ezibalulekileyo ezichaphazela ukuziphatha kwe-corrosion ye-pitting kwaye inefuthe kwiinkqubo ze-thermodynamic kunye ne-kinetic ye-DSS reaction60,61.Ngokuqhelekileyo, kwisisombululo esilinganisiweyo kunye noxinzelelo oluphezulu lwe-Cl- kunye ne-CO2 egcweleyo, ubushushu buchaphazela ukubunjwa kwe-pitting kunye nokuqaliswa kweentanda ngexesha loxinzelelo lwe-corrosion cracking phantsi koxinzelelo lwe-corrosion cracking, kunye nokushisa okubalulekileyo kwe-pitting kuzimisele ukuvavanya. ukuxhathisa umhlwa.DSS.Izinto eziphathekayo, ezibonisa uvakalelo lwe-matrix yensimbi kwiqondo lokushisa, lisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo njengesalathiso esibalulekileyo ekukhethweni kwezinto eziphathekayo kwizicelo zobunjineli.Iqondo lokushisa eliphakathi kwe-pitting ebalulekileyo ye-2205 DSS kwisisombululo esilinganisiweyo yi-66.9 ° C, eyi-25.6 ° C ephezulu kune-Super 13Cr insimbi engenasici kunye ne-3.5% ye-NaCl, kodwa ubunzulu bomgodi obuphezulu bufikelele kwi-12.9 µm62.Iziphumo ze-electrochemical ziphinde zaqinisekisa ukuba imimandla ethe tyaba ye-engile yesigaba kunye nefrikhwensi imxinwa ngokunyuka kobushushu, kwaye njengoko i-engile yesigaba ihla ukusuka kuma-79° ukuya kuma-58°, ixabiso le |Z|iyancipha ukusuka kwi-1.26 × 104 ukuya kwi-1.58 × 103 Ω cm2.ukuchaswa kokudluliselwa kwentlawulo Rct yehla ukusuka kwi-2.958 1014 ukuya kwi-2.541 103 Ω cm2, ukuxhathisa isisombululo se-Rs kwehla ukusuka kwi-2.953 ukuya kwi-2.469 Ω cm2, ukuxhathisa ifilimu i-Rf yehla ukusuka kwi-5.430 10-4 cm2 ukuya kwi-1.147 10-3 cm2.I-conductivity yesisombululo esinobundlongo sanda, ukuzinza kwefilimu ye-matrix yensimbi iyancipha, iyancibilika kwaye iqhekeke ngokulula.I-self-corrosion density yangoku inyuke ukusuka kwi-1.482 ukuya kwi-2.893 × 10-6 A cm-2, kwaye i-self-corrosion iyancipha ukusuka -0.532 ukuya kwi-0.621V.Ingabonwa ukuba utshintsho kwiqondo lokushisa luchaphazela ingqibelelo kunye noxinaniso lwefilimu.
Ngokuchasene noko, i-concentration ephezulu ye-Cl- kunye nesisombululo esigcweleyo se-CO2 ngokuthe ngcembe sonyusa umthamo we-adsorption we-Cl-kumhlaba wefilimu edlulayo kunye nokushisa okunyukayo, ukuzinza kwefilimu ye-passivation kuba kukungazinzi, kunye nesiphumo sokukhusela kwifilimu. I-substrate iba buthathaka kwaye ukuba sengozini yokungena kuyanda.Kule meko, umsebenzi we-ion ezonakalisayo kwisisombululo uyanda, umxholo we-oksijini uyancipha, kwaye ifilimu engaphezulu ye-corrod material inzima ukuyibuyisela ngokukhawuleza, nto leyo eyenza iimeko ezilungele ngakumbi ukunyusa i-ion e-corrosion phezu komhlaba.Ukuncipha kwezinto63.URobinson et al.[64] ibonise ukuba ngokunyuka kweqondo lokushisa kwesisombululo, izinga lokukhula kwemigodi likhawuleza, kwaye izinga lokusabalalisa i-ion kwisisombululo nalo landa.Xa ubushushu buphakama ukuya kuma-65 °C, ukuchithwa kweoksijini kwisisombululo esiqulethe ii-Cl-ions kunciphisa inkqubo yokusabela kwe-cathodic, isantya se-pitting siyancitshiswa.I-Han20 iphande isiphumo sobushushu ekuziphatheni komhlwa kwe-2205 duplex steel stainless steel kwimo ye-CO2.Iziphumo zabonisa ukuba ukonyuka kwamaqondo obushushu kuye kwanyusa inani leemveliso zomhlwa kunye nendawo ye-shrinkage cavities kumphezulu wezinto.Ngokufanayo, xa iqondo lobushushu linyuka liye kutsho kwi-150°C, ifilimu yeoxide ekumphezulu iyaqhawuka, kwaye ukuxinana kwemingxuma kuphezulu.I-Lu4 iphande isiphumo sobushushu ekuziphatheni kwe-corrosion ye-2205 duplex steel stainless ukusuka kwi-passivation ukuya kwi-activation kwindawo ye-geothermal equkethe i-CO2.Iziphumo zabo zibonisa ukuba kwiqondo lokushisa elingaphantsi kwe-150 ° C, ifilimu eyenziweyo inesimo se-amorphous esibonakalayo, kwaye i-interface yangaphakathi iqulethe i-nickel-rich layer, kunye neqondo lokushisa elingama-300 ° C, imveliso ye-corrosion enesiphumo inesakhiwo se-nanoscale. .-polycrystalline FeCr2O4, CrOOH kunye ne-NiFe2O4.
Kwikhiwane.I-11 ngumzobo we-corrosion kunye nenkqubo yokwenza ifilimu ye-2205 DSS.Ngaphambi kokusetyenziswa, i-2205 DSS yenza ifilimu edlulayo emoyeni.Emva kokuntywiliselwa kwindawo efanisa isisombululo esiqulethe izisombululo ezinomxholo ophezulu we-Cl- kunye ne-CO2, ubuso bayo bujikelezwe ngokukhawuleza ngee-ion ezahlukeneyo ezinobundlobongela (Cl-, CO32-, njl.).).I-J. Banas 65 yafikelela kwisigqibo sokuba kwindawo apho i-CO2 ikhona ngaxeshanye, ukuzinza kwefilimu edlulayo ebusweni bezinto eziphathekayo kuya kuncipha ngokuhamba kwexesha, kwaye i-carbonic acid eyenziwe ithambekele ekukhuliseni ukuhanjiswa kwe-ion kwi-passivating. umaleko.ifilimu kunye nokukhawuleza kokuchithwa kwe-ion kwifilimu edlulayo.ifilimu edlulayo.Ke, umaleko wefilimu kumphezulu wesampulu ukwinqanaba eliguqukayo lolungelelwaniso lokuchithwa kunye nokubuyiselwa kwakhona66, i-Cl- inciphisa isantya sokwenziwa komgangatho wefilimu engaphezulu, kunye nemingxuma emincinci yokuntywila ibonakala kwindawo ekufuphi nomphezulu wefilimu, njengoko. iboniswe kuMfanekiso 3. Bonisa.Njengoko kubonisiwe kuMfanekiso 11a kunye no-b, imingxunya emincinci engazinzanga ivela ngaxeshanye.Njengoko iqondo lobushushu linyuka, umsebenzi we-ion ezonakalisayo kwisisombululo kumaleko wefilimu uyakhula, kwaye ubunzulu bemingxuma emincinci engazinzanga buyanda de ifilimu ingene ngokupheleleyo yinye ecacileyo, njengoko kubonisiwe kuMfanekiso 11c.Ngokunyuka okuthe kratya kwiqondo lokushisa eliphakathi kokunyibilika, umxholo we-CO2 onyibilikisiweyo kwisisombululo ukhawuleza, okhokelela ekunciphiseni kwexabiso le-pH yesisombululo, ukwanda koxinano lwemingxuma encinci engazinzanga kwi-SPP surface. , ubunzulu bemigodi ye-corrosion yokuqala buyanda kwaye bunzulu, kwaye ifilimu edlulayo kwisampulu yesampulu Njengoko ubukhulu buyancipha, i-passivating ifilimu iyancipha ngakumbi kwi-pitting njengoko kuboniswe kwi-Figure 11d.Kwaye iziphumo ze-electrochemical ziqinisekisile ukuba utshintsho kwiqondo lokushisa lunempembelelo ethile kwingqibelelo kunye noxinaniso lwefilimu.Ngaloo ndlela, kunokubonwa ukuba i-corrosion kwizisombululo ezigcwele i-CO2 equlethe iindawo eziphezulu ze-Cl- zihluke kakhulu kwi-corrosion kwizisombululo eziqulethe i-Cl-67,68 ephantsi.
Inkqubo ye-Corrosion 2205 DSS kunye nokwenziwa kunye nokutshatyalaliswa kwefilimu entsha.(a) Inkqubo 1, (b) Inkqubo 2, (c) Inkqubo 3, (d) Inkqubo 4.
Umndilili wobushushu obunzulu bomgodi we-2205 DSS kwisisombululo esifanisiweyo esiqulethe i-100 g/l Cl– kunye ne-CO2 ehluthisiweyo yi-66.9 ℃, kunye nobunzulu bomgodi obuphezulu yi-12.9 µm, okunciphisa ukuxhathisa kokuhlwa kwe-2205 DSS kunye nokwandisa ubuntununtunu bokungena.ukwanda kobushushu.
Ixesha lokuposa: Feb-16-2023