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I-Metal hydrides (MH) ibonwa njengenye yezona zixhobo ezifanelekileyo kakhulu zokugcina i-hydrogen ngenxa yomthamo wabo omkhulu wokugcina i-hydrogen, uxinzelelo oluphantsi lokusebenza kunye nokhuseleko oluphezulu.Nangona kunjalo, i-kinetics yabo yokuthatha i-hydrogen eyonqenayo inciphisa kakhulu ukusebenza kokugcinwa.Ukususwa kobushushu okukhawulezayo kwi-MH yokugcina kunokudlala indima ebalulekileyo ekunyuseni izinga lokunyuka kwe-hydrogen, okukhokelela ekusebenzeni okuphuculweyo kokugcinwa.Kulo mba, olu pho nonongo lujolise ekuphuculeni iimpawu zokutshintshwa kobushushu ukwenzela ukuba kube nefuthe elihle kwisantya sokuthatha i-hydrogen yenkqubo yokugcina i-MH.Ikhoyili entsha ye-semi-cylindrical yaqalwa yaphuhliswa kwaye yalungiselelwa ukugcinwa kwe-hydrogen kwaye ifakwe njenge-air-as-joat exchanger yangaphakathi (HTF).Ngokusekwe kubungakanani bepitch obahlukeneyo, isiphumo sobumbeko olutsha lokutshintsha ubushushu siyahlalutywa size sithelekiswe nejiyometri yesiqhelo ye-helical coil.Ukongezelela, iiparamitha zokusebenza zokugcinwa kweMG kunye ne-GTP zifundwe ngamanani ukuze zifumane amaxabiso afanelekileyo.Ukulinganisa amanani, i-ANSYS Fluent 2020 R2 isetyenziswa.Iziphumo zolu phando zibonisa ukuba ukusebenza kwetanki yokugcina i-MH kunokuphuculwa kakhulu ngokusebenzisa i-semi-cylindrical coil heat exchanger (SCHE).Xa kuthelekiswa nesiqhelo sokutshintshana kobushushu bekhoyili, ixesha lokufunxa i-hydrogen lincitshiswe ngama-59%.Owona mgama umncinci phakathi kweekhoyili ze-SCHE ubangele ukuncipha kwexesha lokufunxa ngama-61%.Ngokumalunga neeparitha zokusebenza zokugcinwa kweMG usebenzisa i-SHE, zonke iiparamitha ezikhethiweyo zikhokelela ekuphuculeni okubalulekileyo kwinkqubo yokufunxa i-hydrogen, ngakumbi ukushisa kwi-inlet kwi-HTS.
Kukho inguqu yehlabathi ukusuka kumandla asekwe kumafutha efosili ukuya kumandla ahlaziyekayo.Ngenxa yokuba ezininzi iindlela zamandla avuselelekayo zinika amandla ngendlela eguquguqukayo, ukugcinwa kwamandla kuyimfuneko ukulinganisela umthwalo.Ukugcinwa kwamandla asekelwe kwi-Hydrogen kuye kwatsala ingqalelo enkulu kule njongo, ngakumbi kuba i-hydrogen ingasetyenziswa njengenye "eluhlaza" enye i-fuel kunye ne-energy carrier ngenxa yeempawu zayo kunye nokuphatheka kwayo.Ukongeza, i-hydrogen ikwabonelela ngesiqulatho samandla esiphezulu kwiyunithi nganye yobunzima xa kuthelekiswa namafutha efosili2.Kukho iintlobo ezine eziphambili zogcino lwamandla e-hydrogen: ugcino lwerhasi ecinezelweyo, ugcino olungaphantsi komhlaba, ukugcinwa kolwelo, kunye nogcino oluluqilima.Ihydrogen ecinezelweyo lolona hlobo lusetyenziswayo kwiimoto zeeseli ezinje ngeebhasi kunye neeforklift.Nangona kunjalo, olu gcino lubonelela ngobuninzi obuphantsi be-hydrogen (malunga ne-0.089 kg / m3) kwaye inemiba yokhuseleko ehambelana noxinzelelo oluphezulu lokusebenza3.Ngokusekelwe kwinkqubo yokuguqulwa kwiqondo lokushisa eliphantsi kunye noxinzelelo, ukugcinwa kwamanzi kuya kugcina i-hydrogen kwifomu yolwelo.Nangona kunjalo, xa i-liquefied, malunga ne-40% yamandla ayalahleka.Ukongeza, obu buchwepheshe buyaziwa njengamandla amaninzi kunye nomsebenzi onzima xa kuthelekiswa nokugcinwa kobuchwephesha obuqinileyo4.Ukugcinwa okuqinileyo lukhetho olusebenzayo kuqoqosho lwe-hydrogen, olugcina i-hydrogen ngokufaka i-hydrogen kwizinto eziqinileyo ngokufunxa kunye nokukhulula i-hydrogen ngokuchithwa.I-Metal hydride (MH), iteknoloji yokugcina izinto eziqinileyo, inomdla wamva nje kwizicelo zeeseli ze-fuel ngenxa yomthamo wayo ophezulu we-hydrogen, uxinzelelo oluphantsi lokusebenza, kunye neendleko eziphantsi xa kuthelekiswa nokugcinwa kwamanzi, kwaye ifanelekile kwizicelo ezimileyo kunye neselula6,7 In. Ukongeza, izinto ze-MH zibonelela ngeempawu zokhuseleko ezifana nokugcinwa ngokufanelekileyo komthamo omkhulu8.Nangona kunjalo, kukho ingxaki ethintela ukuveliswa kweMG: i-conductivity ephantsi ye-thermal ye-reactor ye-MG ikhokelela ekuxubeni okucothayo kunye nokuchithwa kwe-hydrogen.
Ukutshintshwa kobushushu obufanelekileyo ngexesha lokuphendula kwe-exothermic kunye ne-endothermic ngundoqo ekuphuculeni ukusebenza kwee-reactors ze-MH.Kwinkqubo yokulayisha i-hydrogen, ubushushu obuveliswayo kufuneka bususwe kwi-reactor ukwenzela ukulawula ukuhamba kokulayisha i-hydrogen kwizinga elifunwayo kunye nomthamo omkhulu wokugcina.Endaweni yoko, ubushushu bufuneka ukunyusa izinga le-hydrogen evolution ngexesha lokukhutshwa.Ukuze kuphuculwe ukusebenza kobushushu kunye nokuhanjiswa kobuninzi, abaninzi abaphandi baye bafunda ukuyila kunye nokulungiswa ngokusekwe kwizinto ezininzi ezifana neeparitha zokusebenza, i-MG structure, kunye ne-MG11 optimization.Ukulungiswa kweMG kunokwenziwa ngokudibanisa izinto eziphezulu ze-thermal conductivity ezifana nesinyithi se-foam kwii-MG layers 12,13.Ngaloo ndlela, i-thermal conductivity esebenzayo inokunyuswa ukusuka kwi-0.1 ukuya kwi-2 W / mK10.Nangona kunjalo, ukongezwa kwezinto eziqinileyo kunciphisa kakhulu amandla e-reactor ye-MN.Ngokubhekiselele kwiiparamitha zokusebenza, ukuphuculwa kunokufezekiswa ngokulungisa iimeko zokuqala zokusebenza kwe-MG layer kunye ne-coolant (HTF).Ubume be-MG bunokulungiswa ngenxa yejometri ye-reactor kunye nokuyila komtshintshi wokushisa.Ngokumalunga nokucwangciswa kwe-MH ye-reactor heat exchanger, iindlela zinokwahlulwa zibe ziintlobo ezimbini.Ezi zitshintshi zangaphakathi zangaphakathi ezakhelwe kwi-MO layer kunye nabatshintshi bobushushu bangaphandle abagubungela i-MO layer efana ne-fins, iibhatyi zokupholisa kunye neebhafu zamanzi.Ngokubhekiselele kumtshintshi wokushisa wangaphandle, i-Kaplan16 yahlalutya ukusebenza kwe-reactor ye-MH, isebenzisa amanzi okupholisa njengejacket yokunciphisa ukushisa ngaphakathi kwe-reactor.Iziphumo zathelekiswa ne-22 ejikelezileyo ye-fin reactor kunye nenye ireactor epholiswe yi-convection yendalo.Bachaza ukuba ubukho bejacket yokupholisa kunciphisa kakhulu ukushisa kwe-MH, ngaloo ndlela kwandisa izinga lokufunxa.Izifundo zamanani ze-MH eneebhatyi zamanzi nguPatil kunye neGopal17 zibonise ukuba uxinzelelo lokubonelela nge-hydrogen kunye nokushisa kwe-HTF yimilinganiselo ephambili echaphazela izinga lokunyuka kwe-hydrogen kunye nokuchithwa.
Ukwandisa indawo yokudlulisa ubushushu ngokufaka iifins kunye nabatshintshi bokushisa okwakhiwa kwi-MH ngundoqo ekuphuculeni ukushisa kunye nokusebenza kokudlulisa ubuninzi kwaye ngoko ke ukusebenza kokugcinwa kwe-MH18.Ulungelelwaniso oluninzi lwangaphakathi lokutshintsha ubushushu (ityhubhu ethe tye kunye ne-spiral coil) yenzelwe ukujikeleza i-coolant kwi-reactor ye-MH19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26.Ukusebenzisa umtshintshi wokushisa wangaphakathi, ukupholisa okanye ukufudumeza umbane kuya kuhambisa ubushushu bendawo ngaphakathi kwi-reactor ye-MH ngexesha lenkqubo ye-hydrogen adsorption.URaju noKumar [27] basebenzise iityhubhu ezininzi ezithe tye njengabatshintshisi bobushushu ukuphucula ukusebenza kweMG.Iziphumo zabo zibonise ukuba amaxesha okufunxa ancitshisiwe xa iityhubhu ezithe tye zisetyenziswa njengabatshintshi bobushushu.Ukongeza, ukusetyenziswa kweetyhubhu ezithe tye kunciphisa ixesha le-hydrogen desorption28.Amazinga aphezulu okuqukuqela okupholisa anyusa izinga lokutshaja kwe-hydrogen nokukhupha29.Nangona kunjalo, ukwandisa inani leetyhubhu zokupholisa kunefuthe elihle ekusebenzeni kwe-MH kunokuba i-coolant flow rate30,31.U-Raju et al.32 wasebenzisa i-LaMi4.7Al0.3 njengesixhobo se-MH sokufunda ukusebenza kwee-multitube heat exchangers kwi-reactors.Bachaza ukuba iiparamitha zokusebenza zinefuthe elibalulekileyo kwinkqubo yokufunxa, ngakumbi uxinzelelo lwesondlo kwaye emva koko izinga lokuhamba kwe-HTF.Nangona kunjalo, iqondo lobushushu lokufunxa liye lajika lingabalulekanga kangako.
Ukusebenza kwe-reactor ye-MH kuphuculwe ngakumbi ngokusetyenziswa kwe-spiral coil heat exchanger ngenxa yokuphucula ukutshintshwa kobushushu xa kuthelekiswa neetyhubhu ezithe ngqo.Oku kungenxa yokuba umjikelo wesibini unokususa ngcono ubushushu kwi-reactor25.Ukongezelela, iityhubhu ezijikelezayo zibonelela ngommandla omkhulu wokutshintshwa kobushushu ukusuka kwi-MH layer ukuya kwindawo epholileyo.Xa le ndlela ingeniswe ngaphakathi kwi-reactor, ukuhanjiswa kweetyhubhu zokutshintshiselana kobushushu nazo zifana kakhulu33.Wang et al.I-34 ifunde umphumo wexesha lokuthatha i-hydrogen ngokongeza i-coil ye-helical kwi-reactor ye-MH.Iziphumo zabo zibonisa ukuba njengoko i-coefficient yokudlulisa ubushushu yesipholisa isanda, ixesha lokufunxa liyancipha.Wu et al.I-25 iphande ukusebenza kweMg2Ni esekwe kwi-MH i-reactors kunye ne-coil coil exchanger heat exchangers.Uphononongo lwabo lwamanani lubonise ukuncitshiswa kwexesha lokusabela.Ukuphuculwa kwendlela yokudlulisa ubushushu kwireactor ye-MN isekelwe kumlinganiselo omncinci we-screw pitch ukuya kwi-screw pitch kunye ne-dimensionless screw pitch.Uphononongo lokulinga olwenziwe ngu-Mellouli et al.21 usebenzisa i-coil edibeneyo njenge-heat exchanger yangaphakathi ibonise ukuba i-HTF iqala ukushisa inefuthe elibalulekileyo ekuphuculeni i-hydrogen kunye nexesha lokuchithwa.Ukudityaniswa kweendlela ezahlukeneyo zokutshintsha ubushushu bangaphakathi kuye kwaqhutywa kwizifundo ezininzi.Eisapur et al.I-35 ifunde ukugcinwa kwe-hydrogen usebenzisa i-spiral coil heat exchanger kunye netyhubhu ephakathi yokubuyisela ukuphucula inkqubo yokufunxa i-hydrogen.Iziphumo zabo zibonise ukuba ityhubhu ejikelezayo kunye netyhubhu ephakathi yokubuyisela iphucula kakhulu ukuhanjiswa kobushushu phakathi kwe-coolant kunye ne-MG.I-pitch encinci kunye ne-diameter enkulu yetyhubhu ejikelezayo yonyusa izinga lobushushu kunye nokudluliselwa kobunzima.Ardahaie et al.Ama-36 asebenzisa iityhubhu ezijikelezayo ezisicaba njengabatshintshiselwano bobushushu ukuphucula ukuhanjiswa kobushushu ngaphakathi kwireactor.Bachaza ukuba ubude bexesha lokufunxa lancitshiswa ngokunyusa inani leeplani ze-spiral tube flattened.Ukudityaniswa kweendlela ezahlukeneyo zokutshintsha ubushushu bangaphakathi kuye kwaqhutywa kwizifundo ezininzi.UDhau et al.I-37 iphucule ukusebenza kwe-MH usebenzisa i-coil coil exchanger heat and fins.Iziphumo zabo zibonisa ukuba le ndlela inciphisa ixesha lokuzaliswa kwe-hydrogen ngumlinganiselo we-2 xa kuthelekiswa necala elingenayo i-fins.Amaphiko e-annular adityaniswa kunye neetyhubhu zokupholisa kwaye zakhelwe kwi-reactor ye-MN.Iziphumo zolu phononongo zibonisa ukuba le ndlela edibeneyo inika ukuhanjiswa kobushushu obufanayo xa kuthelekiswa ne-reactor ye-MH ngaphandle kwamaphiko.Nangona kunjalo, ukudibanisa abatshintshi bokushisa abahlukeneyo kuya kuchaphazela kakubi ubunzima kunye nomthamo we-reactor ye-MH.U-Wu et al.18 uthelekisa ulungelelwaniso olwahlukileyo lokutshintsha ubushushu.Ezi ziquka iityhubhu ezithe tye, iifins kunye ne-spiral coils.Ababhali baxela ukuba iikhoyili ze-spiral zibonelela ngokuphuculwa kobushushu kunye nokuhanjiswa kobuninzi.Ukongezelela, xa kuthelekiswa neetyhubhu ezithe tye, iityhubhu ezijijekileyo, kunye neetyhubhu ezithe tye ezidityaniswe neetyhubhu ezijijekileyo, iikhoyili ezimbini zinefuthe elingcono ekuphuculeni ukuhanjiswa kobushushu.Uphononongo olwenziwe nguSekhar et al.I-40 ibonise ukuba ukuphuculwa okufanayo kwi-hydrogen uptake kwaphunyezwa ngokusebenzisa i-coil ye-spiral njenge-interest exchanger yangaphakathi kunye nejacket epholileyo yangaphandle yokupholisa.
Kule mizekelo ikhankanywe ngasentla, ukusetyenziswa kweekhoyili ezijikelezayo njengabatshintshi bobushushu bangaphakathi kunika ubushushu obungcono kunye nokuphuculwa kokudluliselwa kobuninzi kunabanye abatshintshi bobushushu, ngakumbi iityhubhu ezithe tye kunye namaphiko.Ngoko ke, injongo yolu phononongo yayikukuqhubela phambili ukuphuhlisa ikhoyili ejikelezayo ukuze kuphuculwe ukusebenza kokudluliselwa kobushushu.Ngethuba lokuqala, i-coil entsha ye-semi-cylindrical iye yaphuhliswa ngokusekelwe kwi-MH yokugcina i-helical coil.Olu pho nonongo lulindeleke ukuba luphucule ukusebenza kokugcinwa kwe-hydrogen ngokuqwalasela uyilo olutsha lokutshintsha ubushushu kunye nesakhiwo esingcono sokuhambisa ubushushu esibonelelwa ngumthamo oqhubekayo webhedi ye-MH kunye neetyhubhu ze-HTF.Ukusebenza kokugcinwa kwesi sitshintshisi sobushushu sitsha kwafaniswa nesiqhelo sokutshintshiselana kobushushu bekhoyili ejikelezayo esekwe kwiipitshi ezahlukeneyo zekhoyili.Ngokutsho kweencwadi ezikhoyo, iimeko zokusebenza kunye nokuhlukana kweekhoyili zizinto eziphambili ezichaphazela ukusebenza kwee-reactors ze-MH.Ukwandisa uyilo lwalo mtshintshi omtsha wokushisa, umphumo we-coil spacing kwixesha lokuthatha i-hydrogen kunye nomthamo we-MH waphandwa.Ukongeza, ukuze uqonde ubudlelwane phakathi kweekhoyili ezintsha ze-hemi-cylindrical kunye neemeko zokusebenza, injongo yesibini yolu phononongo yayikukufunda iimpawu ze-reactor ngokwemigangatho eyahlukeneyo yokusebenza kweparamitha kwaye umisele amaxabiso afanelekileyo omsebenzi ngamnye. indlela.ipharamitha.
Ukusebenza kwesixhobo sokugcina amandla e-hydrogen kwesi sifundo kuphandwa ngokusekelwe kuhlengahlengiso ezimbini zokutshintshiselana kobushushu (kubandakanywa neetyhubhu ze-spiral kwiimeko ze-1 ukuya kwi-3 kunye neetyhubhu ze-semi-cylindrical kwiimeko ze-4 ukuya kwi-6) kunye nokuhlalutya ukuvakalelwa kweeparamitha zokusebenza.Ukusebenza kwe-reactor ye-MH kwavavanywa okokuqala kusetyenziswa ityhubhu ye-spiral njenge-heat exchanger.Zombini umbhobho we-oyile opholileyo kunye nenqanawa ye-reactor ye-MH yenziwe ngentsimbi engatyiwa.Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba imilinganiselo ye-MG reactor kunye nobubanzi bemibhobho ye-GTF yayingatshintshi kuzo zonke iimeko, ngelixa ubungakanani benyathelo be-GTF bohluka.Eli candelo lihlalutya isiphumo sobungakanani bepitch yeekhoyili zeHTF.Ubude kunye nobubanzi bangaphandle be-reactor yi-110 mm kunye ne-156 mm, ngokulandelanayo.Ububanzi bombhobho weoli ohambisa ukushisa bubekwe kwi-6mm.Jonga iCandelo elongezelelweyo ngeenkcukacha kwi-MH ye-reactor circuit diagram ene-spiral tubes kunye ne-semi-cylindrical tubes.
Kwikhiwane.I-1a ibonisa i-MH spiral tube reactor kunye nemilinganiselo yayo.Zonke iiparamitha zejometri zinikwe kwitheyibhile.1. Umthamo opheleleyo we-helix kunye nomthamo we-ZG malunga ne-100 cm3 kunye ne-2000 cm3, ngokulandelanayo.Ukusuka kule MH i-reactor, umoya ngendlela ye-HTF yondliwa kwi-reactor ye-MH e-porous ukusuka ngaphantsi nge-tube ye-spiral, kwaye i-hydrogen yaziswa ukusuka kwindawo ephezulu ye-reactor.
Ukubonakaliswa kweejometri ezikhethiweyo ze-metal hydride reactors.a) kunye ne-spiral-tubular heat exchanger, b) kunye ne-semi-cylindrical tubular heat exchanger.
Inxalenye yesibini ihlola ukusebenza kwe-reactor ye-MH esekelwe kwi-tube ye-semi-cylindrical njengomtshintshi wokushisa.Kwikhiwane.I-1b ibonisa i-reactor ye-MN kunye neetyhubhu ezimbini ze-semi-cylindrical kunye nemilinganiselo yazo.Itheyibhile 1 idwelisa zonke iiparitha zejometri zemibhobho ye-semi-cylindrical, ehlala ihleli, ngaphandle komgama phakathi kwabo.Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ityhubhu ye-semi-cylindrical kwi-Case 4 yenzelwe umthamo ongapheliyo we-tube ye-HTF kunye ne-MH i-alloy kwi-tube edibeneyo (inketho yesi-3).Ngokuphathelele umkhiwane.I-1b, umoya waziswa kwakhona ukusuka ngaphantsi kweetyhubhu ezimbini ze-HTF ze-semi-cylindrical, kwaye i-hydrogen yaziswa ukusuka kwicala elichasene ne-reactor ye-MH.
Ngenxa yoyilo olutsha lotshintshiselwano lobushushu, injongo yeli candelo kukumisela amaxabiso okuqala afanelekileyo kwiiparamitha zokusebenza ze-reactor ye-MH ngokudibanisa ne-SCHE.Kuzo zonke iimeko, umoya wawusetyenziswa njengesipholisi ukususa ubushushu kwi-reactor.Phakathi kweoli yokudlulisa ukushisa, umoya kunye namanzi zikhethwa ngokuqhelekileyo njengeoli yokudlulisa ukushisa kwi-reactors ye-MH ngenxa yeendleko zabo eziphantsi kunye nefuthe eliphantsi lokusingqongileyo.Ngenxa yomgangatho ophezulu wokushisa osebenzayo wee-alloys ezisekelwe kwi-magnesium, umoya wakhethwa njengento epholileyo kolu phononongo.Ukongeza, ikwaneempawu ezingcono zokuqukuqela kunezinye iintsimbi ezingamanzi kunye neetyuwa ezinyibilikisiweyo41.Itheyibhile ye-2 idwelisa iimpawu zomoya kwi-573 K. Uhlalutyo lwe-sensitivity kweli candelo, kuphela ulungelelwaniso olugqwesileyo lweendlela zokusebenza ze-MH-SCHE (kwiimeko 4 nge-6) zisetyenziswa.Uqikelelo kweli candelo lusekelwe kwiiparamitha ezahlukeneyo zokusebenza, kubandakanywa ubushushu bokuqala be-reactor ye-MH, uxinzelelo lokulayisha i-hydrogen, ukushisa kwe-HTF yokungena, kunye nenombolo ye-Reynolds ebalwa ngokutshintsha izinga le-HTF.Itheyibhile 3 iqulethe zonke iiparameters zokusebenza ezisetyenziselwa uhlalutyo lobuzwe.
Eli candelo lichaza zonke iiequations zolawulo eziyimfuneko kwinkqubo yokufunxwa kwe-hydrogen, isiphithiphithi kunye nokudluliselwa kobushushu kwezizipholisi.
Ukwenza lula isisombululo se-hydrogen reaction reaction, ezi ngcinga zilandelayo zenziwe kwaye zinikezelwe;
Ngexesha lokufunxa, iipropati ze-thermophysical ze-hydrogen kunye ne-metal hydrides zihlala zihlala.
I-Hydrogen ithathwa njengegesi efanelekileyo, ngoko ke iimeko zokulingana kwe-thermal yendawo43,44 zithathelwa ingqalelo.
apho \({L}_{gas}\) yiradiyasi yetanki, kwaye \({L}_{ubushushu}\) bubude be-axial yetanki.Xa i-N ingaphantsi kwe-0.0146, ukuhamba kwe-hydrogen kwitanki kunokungahoywa kwi-simulation ngaphandle kwempazamo enkulu.Ngokophando lwangoku, i-N iphantsi kakhulu kune-0.1.Ngoko ke, umphumo we-gradient woxinzelelo unokungahoywa.
Iindonga zereactor zazikhuselwe kakuhle kuzo zonke iimeko.Ke ngoko, akukho tshintshiselwano lobushushu 47 phakathi kwe-reactor kunye nokusingqongileyo.
Kuyaziwa ukuba i-alloys esekelwe kwi-Mg ineempawu ezintle ze-hydrogenation kunye nomthamo omkhulu wokugcina i-hydrogen ukuya kwi-7.6 wt% 8.Ngokubhekiselele kwisicelo sokugcina i-hydrogen yesimo esiluqilima, ezi alloys zikwabizwa ngokuba zizixhobo ezikhaphukhaphu.Ukongeza, banokuxhathisa ubushushu obubalaseleyo kunye nokuqhubekeka kakuhle8.Phakathi kwee-alloys ezininzi ezisekelwe kwi-Mg, i-Mg2Ni-based MgNi i-alloy yenye yezona zikhetho ezifanelekileyo zokugcina i-MH ngenxa yomthamo wokugcina we-hydrogen ukuya kwi-6 wt%.Iialloys zeMg2Ni zikwabonelela nge-adsorption ekhawulezayo kunye ne-desorption kinetics xa kuthelekiswa ne-MgH48 alloy.Ke ngoko, iMg2Ni yakhethwa njengesixhobo se-hydride yesinyithi kolu phononongo.
Inxaki yamandla ichazwa njengama-25 ngokusekwe kwibhalansi yobushushu phakathi kwehydrogen kunye neMg2Ni hydride:
X sisixa se-hydrogen efunxwe kumphezulu wesinyithi, iyunithi \(ubunzima\%\), ibalwe kwi-kinetic equation \(\frac{dX}{dt}\) ngexesha lokufunxa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo49:
apho \({C}_{a}\) yireyithi yokusabela kwaye \({E}_{a}\) kukuvula amandla.\({P}_{a,eq}\) luxinzelelo olulinganayo ngaphakathi kwe-metal hydride reactor ngexesha lenkqubo yokufunxa, enikwe yi-van't Hoff equation ngolu hlobo lulandelayo25:
Apho \({P}_{ref}\) luxinzelelo lwereferensi ye-0.1 MPa.\(\Delta H\) kunye \(\Delta S\) yi-enthalpy kunye ne-entropy ye-reaction, ngokulandelelanayo.Iipropati ze-alloys i-Mg2Ni kunye ne-hydrogen ziboniswe kwitheyibhile.4. Uluhlu oluchaziweyo lunokufumaneka kwicandelo elongezelelweyo.
Ukuhamba kolwelo kuthathwa njengesiphithiphithi kuba isantya sayo kunye nenombolo yeReynolds (Re) yi-78.75 ms-1 kunye ne-14000, ngokulandelelanayo.Kolu phononongo, imodeli yesiphithiphithi ye-k-ε enokufezekiswa yakhethwa.Kuqatshelwe ukuba le ndlela ibonelela ngokuchaneka okuphezulu xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iindlela ze-k-ε, kwaye ifuna ixesha elincinci lokubala kuneendlela ze-RNG k-ε50,51.Jonga iCandelo eloNgezelelweyo ngeenkcukacha kwii-equations ezisisiseko zolwelo olugqithisela ubushushu.
Ekuqaleni, ulawulo lobushushu kwi-reactor ye-MN yayifana, kwaye i-avareji ye-hydrogen concentration yayiyi-0.043.Kucingelwa ukuba umda wangaphandle we-reactor ye-MH ifakwe kakuhle.Iialloyi ezisekwe kwiMagnesium zifuna ubushushu obuphezulu bokusabela ukugcina nokukhulula i-hydrogen kwi-reactor.I-alloy ye-Mg2Ni idinga uluhlu lobushushu obuyi-523–603 K ukuze lufunxe ubuninzi kunye noluhlu lobushushu obungama-573–603 K ukuze idesorption52 epheleleyo.Nangona kunjalo, izifundo zovavanyo ezenziwa ngu-Muthukumar et al.53 zibonise ukuba ubuninzi bokugcina amandla e-Mg2Ni yokugcina i-hydrogen inokufumaneka kwiqondo lokushisa elisebenzayo le-573 K, elihambelana nomthamo walo wethiyori.Ke ngoko, ubushushu be-573 K bonyulwe njengobushushu bokuqala be-reactor ye-MN kolu phononongo.
Yenza iisayizi ezahlukeneyo zegridi zokuqinisekisa kunye neziphumo ezithembekileyo.Kwikhiwane.I-2 ibonisa ubushushu obuphakathi kwiindawo ezikhethiweyo kwinkqubo yokufunxa i-hydrogen ukusuka kwizinto ezine ezahlukeneyo.Kuyaphawuleka ukuba inye kuphela imeko yoqwalaselo ngalunye olukhethiweyo ukuvavanya ukuzimela kwegridi ngenxa yejometri efanayo.Indlela efanayo yokudibanisa isetyenziswa kwezinye iimeko.Ngoko ke, khetha ukhetho lwe-1 kumbhobho ojikelezayo kunye nenketho yesi-4 kumbhobho we-semi-cylindrical.Kwikhiwane.I-2a, b ibonisa ubushushu obuphakathi kwi-reactor kwiinketho ze-1 kunye ne-4, ngokulandelanayo.Iindawo ezintathu ezikhethiweyo zimele i-contours yobushushu bebhedi phezulu, phakathi, nasezantsi kwe-reactor.Ngokusekwe kumaqondo obushushu kwiindawo ezikhethiweyo, ubushushu obuphakathi buzinza kwaye bubonisa utshintsho oluncinci kumanani ento 428,891 kunye ne-430,599 kwiimeko 1 kunye ne-4, ngokulandelelanayo.Ke ngoko, obu bukhulu begridi bakhethelwe ukubalwa okungaphezulu.Ulwazi oluthe vetshe malunga ne-avareji yobushushu bebhedi kwinkqubo yokufunxa i-hydrogen kwiisayizi ezahlukeneyo zeeseli kunye ne-meshes esulungekisiweyo yazo zombini iimeko inikwe kwicandelo elongezelelweyo.
Umyinge wobushushu bebhedi kwiindawo ezikhethiweyo kwinkqubo yokufunxa i-hydrogen kwi-reactor ye-hydride yesinyithi enamanani ahlukeneyo egridi.(a) Iqondo lobushushu eliphakathi kwiindawo ezikhethiweyo kwimeko ye-1 kunye (b) Umyinge wobushushu kwiindawo ezikhethiweyo kwimeko yesi-4.
I-Mg-based metal hydride reactor kolu phononongo yavavanywa ngokusekelwe kwiziphumo zovavanyo zikaMuthukumar et al.53.Kuphononongo lwabo, basebenzisa i-alloy ye-Mg2Ni yokugcina i-hydrogen kwiityhubhu zentsimbi engenakutyiwa.Amaphiko obhedu asetyenziselwa ukuphucula ukuhanjiswa kobushushu ngaphakathi kwi-reactor.Kwikhiwane.I-3a ibonisa uthelekiso lobushushu obuphakathi kwebhedi yenkqubo yokufunxa phakathi kophononongo lokulinga kunye nolu phononongo.Iimeko zokusebenza ezikhethiweyo kolu vavanyo zezi: MG ubushushu bokuqala 573 K kunye noxinzelelo lwe-inlet 2 MPa.Ukususela kwikhiwane.I-3a inokuboniswa ngokucacileyo ukuba esi siphumo sovavanyo sivumelana kakuhle nesi sikhoyo ngoku malunga nobushushu obuphakathi.
Ukuqinisekiswa kwemodeli.(a) Ukuqinisekiswa kwekhowudi ye-Mg2Ni metal hydride reactor ngokuthelekisa uphononongo lwangoku kunye nomsebenzi wokulinga ka-Muthukumar et al.52, kunye (b) nokuqinisekiswa kwe-spiral tube turbulent flow model ngokuthelekisa uphononongo lwangoku kunye nolo lukaKumar et al. .Uphando.54.
Ukuvavanya imodeli ye-turbulence, iziphumo zolu pho nonongo zifaniswa neziphumo zokulinga zikaKumar et al.54 ukuqinisekisa ukuchaneka kwemodeli ekhethiweyo ye-turbulence.U-Kumar et al.54 bafunde ukuhamba kwesiphithiphithi kwi-tube-in-pipe spiral exchanger ubushushu.Amanzi asetyenziswa njengolwelo olushushu nolubandayo olutofwa kumacala ahlukeneyo.Ubushushu bolwelo olushushu nabandayo yi-323 K kunye ne-300 K, ngokulandelelanayo.Amanani eReynolds aqala kuma-3100 ukuya kuma-5700 kulwelo olushushu kwaye ukusuka kuma-21,000 ukuya kuma-35,000 kulwelo olubandayo.Amanani e-Dean yi-550-1000 yolwelo olushushu kunye ne-3600-6000 yolwelo olubandayo.Ububanzi bombhobho wangaphakathi (kumanzi ashushu) kunye nombhobho wangaphandle (ulwelo olubandayo) ngu-0.0254 m kunye no-0.0508 m, ngokulandelanayo.Ububanzi kunye ne-pitch ye-coil ye-helical yi-0.762 m kunye ne-0.100 m, ngokulandelanayo.Kwikhiwane.I-3b ibonisa uthelekiso lweziphumo zovavanyo kunye nezangoku zezibini ezahlukeneyo zeNusselt kunye namanani eDini kwisipholisi kwityhubhu engaphakathi.Imifuziselo emithathu eyahlukeneyo yesiphithiphithi yaphunyezwa kwaye yathelekiswa neziphumo zovavanyo.Njengoko kubonisiwe kwifig.3b, iziphumo zemodeli yesiphithiphithi ye-k-ε ephunyelelwayo ikwisivumelwano esihle nedatha yovavanyo.Ngoko ke, lo mzekelo wakhethwa kolu phononongo.
Ukulinganisa kwamanani kolu phononongo kwenziwa kusetyenziswa i-ANSYS Fluent 2020 R2.Bhala i-User-Defined Function (UDF) kwaye uyisebenzise njengexesha lokufaka i-equation yamandla ukubala i-kinetics yenkqubo yokufunxa.Isiphaluka se-PRESTO55 kunye nendlela ye-PISO56 isetyenziselwa ukunxibelelana kwesantya soxinzelelo kunye nokulungiswa koxinzelelo.Khetha isiseko seseli yeGreene-Gauss yegradient eguquguqukayo.Isantya kunye nokulinganisa amandla kusonjululwa yindlela yokwenyuka kwesibini.Ngokubhekiselele kwi-coefficients engaphantsi kwe-relaxation, uxinzelelo, i-velocity, kunye namacandelo amandla abekwe kwi-0.5, 0.7, kunye ne-0.7, ngokulandelanayo.Imisebenzi eludongeni eqhelekileyo isetyenziswa kwi-HTF kwimodeli yesiphithiphithi.
Eli candelo libonisa iziphumo zokulinganisa kwamanani okuphucula ukutshintshwa kokushisa kwangaphakathi kwe-reactor ye-MH usebenzisa i-coil coil heat exchanger (HCHE) kunye ne-helical coil heat exchanger (SCHE) ngexesha lokuxutywa kwe-hydrogen.Isiphumo se-HTF ye-pitch kubushushu bebhedi ye-reactor kunye nobude bexesha lokufunxa luhlalutyiwe.Iiparamitha eziphambili zokusebenza zenkqubo yokufunxa zifundwa kwaye zinikezelwe kwicandelo lokuhlalutya uvakalelo.
Ukuphanda umphumo we-coil spacing ekugqithiseni ubushushu kwi-reactor ye-MH, ukucwangciswa kwe-heat exchanger ezintathu kunye neendawo ezahlukeneyo zaphandwa.Iipayithi ezintathu ezahlukeneyo ze-15mm, 12.86mm kunye ne-10mm zityunjwe ngumzimba 1, umzimba 2 kunye nomzimba 3 ngokulandelelana.Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ububanzi bombhobho bulungiswe kwi-6 mm kwiqondo lokushisa lokuqala le-573 K kunye noxinzelelo lokulayisha lwe-1.8 MPa kuzo zonke iimeko.Kwikhiwane.I-4 ibonisa iqondo lokushisa eliphakathi kwebhedi kunye noxinzelelo lwe-hydrogen kwi-MH layer ngexesha lenkqubo yokufunxa i-hydrogen kwiimeko ze-1 ukuya ku-3. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukusabela phakathi kwe-hydride yensimbi kunye ne-hydrogen i-exothermic kwinkqubo yokufunxa.Ke ngoko, ubushushu bebhedi bukhuphuka ngokukhawuleza ngenxa yomzuzu wokuqala xa i-hydrogen iqala ukungeniswa kwi-reactor.Ubushushu bebhedi buyanda de bufikelele kwelona xabiso liphezulu kwaye bunciphe ngokuthe ngcembe njengoko ubushushu buthwalwa sisipholileyo, esinobushushu obusezantsi kwaye sisebenze njengesipholisa.Njengoko kubonisiwe kwifig.I-4a, ngenxa yenkcazo yangaphambili, izinga lokushisa lomgangatho likhula ngokukhawuleza kwaye liyancipha ngokuqhubekayo.I-hydrogen concentration yenkqubo yokufunxa ngokuqhelekileyo isekelwe kubushushu bebhedi ye-reactor ye-MH.Xa umgangatho wobushushu obuphakathi wehla ukuya kutsho kubushushu obuthile, umphezulu wesinyithi ufunxa ihydrogen.Oku kubangelwa ukukhawuleza kweenkqubo ze-physisorption, i-chemisorption, ukusasazwa kwe-hydrogen kunye nokwakhiwa kwe-hydrides yayo kwi-reactor.Ukususela kwikhiwane.I-4b inokubonwa ukuba izinga lokufunxa i-hydrogen kwimeko ye-3 iphantsi kunezinye iimeko ngenxa yexabiso elincinci lenyathelo le-coil heat exchanger.Oku kubangela ubude bombhobho omde kunye nendawo enkulu yokudlulisa ubushushu kwimibhobho yeHTF.Nge-avareji yoxinaniso lwe-hydrogen ye-90%, ixesha lokufunxa kwi-Case 1 yimizuzwana engama-46,276.Xa kuthelekiswa nobude bexesha lokufunxa kwimeko ye-1, ixesha lokuxhamla kwiimeko ze-2 kunye ne-3 zancitshiswa ngama-724 kunye ne-1263 ngokulandelanayo.Icandelo elongezelelweyo libonisa ukushisa kunye ne-hydrogen contours contours kwiindawo ezikhethiweyo kwi-HCHE-MH layer.
Impembelelo yomgama phakathi kweekhoyili kumyinge wobushushu obuphakathi kunye noxinzelelo lwehydrogen.(a) Iqondo eliphakathi lobushushu bebhedi kwiikhoyili ze-helical, (b) Ugxininiso lwehydrogen kwiikhoyili ze-helical, (c) i-avareji yobushushu bebhedi kwiikhoyili ze-hemi-cylindrical, kunye (d) nogxininiso lwe-hydrogen kwiikhoyili ze-hemi-cylindrical.
Ukuphucula iimpawu zokutshintsha ubushushu be-MG reactor, ii-HFC ezimbini zaziyilelwe umthamo ongaguqukiyo weMG (2000 cm3) kunye ne-spiral heat exchanger (100 cm3) yoKhetho lwesi-3. Eli candelo likwaqwalasela isiphumo somgama phakathi kwesixhobo iikhoyili ze-15 mm kwimeko ye-4, 12.86 mm kwimeko ye-5 kunye ne-10 mm kwimeko yesi-6.I-4c, d ibonisa iqondo lokushisa eliphakathi kwebhedi kunye noxinzelelo lwenkqubo yokufunxa i-hydrogen kwiqondo lokushisa lokuqala le-573 K kunye noxinzelelo lokulayisha lwe-1.8 MPa.Ngokwe-avareji iqondo lobushushu umaleko kwi-Fig. 4c, umgama omncinci phakathi kweekhoyili kwimeko ye-6 inciphisa kakhulu ubushushu xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iimeko ezimbini.Kwimeko ye-6, iqondo lokushisa elingaphantsi kwebhedi liphumela kwi-concentration ye-hydrogen ephezulu (jonga umfanekiso we-4d).Ixesha lokuthatha i-hydrogen kwi-Varianant 4 yi-19542 s, engaphantsi kwamaxesha angama-2 ngaphantsi kwe-variants 1-3 usebenzisa i-HCH.Ukongezelela, xa kuthelekiswa necala le-4, ixesha lokufunxa lancitshiswa kwakhona nge-378 kunye ne-1515 kwiimeko ze-5 kunye ne-6 ezinemigama ephantsi.Icandelo elongezelelweyo libonisa ukushisa kunye ne-hydrogen contours contours kwiindawo ezikhethiweyo kwi-SCHE-MH layer.
Ukufundisisa ukusebenza kweendlela ezimbini zokutshintshiselana kobushushu, eli candelo licwangcisa kwaye libonisa amaqondo obushushu kwiindawo ezintathu ezikhethiweyo.I-reactor ye-MH kunye ne-HCHE kwi-case 3 ikhethwe ukuthelekisa kunye ne-MH i-reactor equkethe i-SCHE kwimeko yesi-4 kuba inomthamo we-MH oqhubekayo kunye nomthamo wombhobho.Iimeko zokusebenza zale thelekiso yayiyiqondo lokushisa lokuqala le-573 K kunye noxinzelelo lokulayisha lwe-1.8 MPa.Kwikhiwane.I-5a kunye ne-5b ibonisa zonke izikhundla ezintathu ezikhethiweyo zeeprofayili zeqondo lokushisa kwiimeko ze-3 kunye ne-4, ngokulandelanayo.Kwikhiwane.I-5c ibonisa iprofayili yeqondo lobushushu kunye noxinzelelo lwe-maleko emva kwe-20,000 ye-hydrogen yokuthatha.Ngokomgca we-1 kwi-Fig. 5c, iqondo lokushisa elijikeleze i-TTF ukusuka kwiinketho ze-3 kunye ne-4 liyancipha ngenxa yokudluliselwa kobushushu obukhulayo be-coolant.Oku kukhokelela kuxinzelelo oluphezulu lwe-hydrogen kulo mmandla.Nangona kunjalo, ukusetyenziswa kwee-SCHE ezimbini kubangela ukugxila okuphezulu.Iimpendulo ze-kinetic ezikhawulezayo zifunyenwe malunga nommandla we-HTF kwimeko ye-4. Ukongezelela, ukuxinwa okukhulu kwe-100% kwafunyanwa kulo mmandla.Ukusuka kumgca we-2 obekwe embindini wereactor, ubushushu bemeko yesi-4 busezantsi kakhulu kunobushushu betyala lesi-3 kuzo zonke iindawo ngaphandle kombindi wereactor.Oku kubangela ubuninzi boxinzelelo lwe-hydrogen kwimeko yesi-4 ngaphandle kommandla okufutshane nombindi wereactor kude ne-HTF.Nangona kunjalo, ukuxinwa kwetyala le-3 akuzange kutshintshe kakhulu.Umahluko omkhulu kwiqondo lokushisa kunye nokugxininiswa komgangatho wabonwa kumgca we-3 kufuphi nomnyango we-GTS.Ubushushu bomaleko kwimeko ye-4 yehla kakhulu, okubangele ukuxinwa kwe-hydrogen ephezulu kakhulu kulo mmandla, ngelixa umgca wokuxininisa kwimeko ye-3 wawusaguquguquka.Oku kungenxa yokukhawuleziswa kokudluliselwa kobushushu be-SCHE.Iinkcukacha kunye neengxoxo zokuthelekisa ubushushu obuqhelekileyo bomgangatho we-MH kunye nombhobho we-HTF phakathi kwecala le-3 kunye necala le-4 linikezelwa kwicandelo elongezelelweyo.
Iprofayili yobushushu kunye noxinzelelo lwebhedi kwiindawo ezikhethiweyo kwi-metal hydride reactor.(a) Iindawo ezikhethiweyo zetyala lesi-3, (b) Iindawo ezikhethiweyo zetyala lesi-4, kunye (c) Iprofayili yeqondo lobushushu kunye nokugxininiswa komgangatho kwiindawo ezikhethiweyo emva kwe-20,000 yenkqubo yokuthatha i-hydrogen kwiimeko ze-3 kunye ne-4.
Kwikhiwane.Umzobo we-6 ubonisa uthelekiso lobushushu obuqhelekileyo bebhedi (jonga umzobo 6a) kunye noxinzelelo lwe-hydrogen (jonga umfanekiso we-6b) ukuxutywa kwe-HCH kunye ne-SHE.Inokubonwa kulo mzobo ukuba izinga lokushisa lomgangatho weMG liyancipha kakhulu ngenxa yokunyuka kwendawo yokutshintshiselana kobushushu.Ukususa ubushushu obuninzi kwi-reactor kubangela iqondo eliphezulu lokufunxa i-hydrogen.Nangona ulungelelwaniso olubini lokutshintsha ubushushu lunemithamo efanayo xa kuthelekiswa nokusebenzisa i-HCHE njengoKhetho lwesi-3, ixesha lokuthathwa kwe-hydrogen ye-SCHE esekelwe kuKhetho lwesi-4 lancitshiswa kakhulu nge-59%.Uhlalutyo oluthe kratya, ugxininiso lwe-hydrogen lweendlela ezimbini zokutshintshiselana kobushushu ziboniswa njengezodwa kuMfanekiso 7. Lo mzobo ubonisa ukuba kuzo zombini iimeko, i-hydrogen iqala ukufunxwa ukusuka ngaphantsi malunga ne-HTF yokungena.Ugxininiso oluphezulu lufunyenwe kwingingqi ye-HTF, ngelixa iindawo eziphantsi zibonwa kumbindi we-reactor ye-MH ngenxa yomgama wayo ukusuka kumtshintshi wokushisa.Emva kwe-10,000 s, i-hydrogen concentration kwimeko ye-4 iphezulu kakhulu kunemeko ye-3. Emva kwemizuzwana ye-20,000, i-avareji ye-hydrogen concentration kwi-reactor inyuke ukuya kwi-90% kwimeko yesi-4 xa kuthelekiswa ne-50% ye-hydrogen kwimeko ye-3. Oku kunokuba ngenxa ukuya kumthamo ophezulu wokupholisa osebenzayo wokudibanisa ii-SCHE ezimbini, okukhokelela kubushushu obuphantsi ngaphakathi kwe-MH layer.Ngenxa yoko, uxinzelelo olungakumbi olulinganayo luwela ngaphakathi kwe-MG layer, ekhokelela ekufunxeni ngokukhawuleza kwe-hydrogen.
I-Case 3 kunye ne-4 Ukuthelekiswa komgangatho wokushisa kwebhedi kunye noxinzelelo lwe-hydrogen phakathi kweendlela ezimbini zokucwangcisa ukushisa.
Ukuthelekiswa koxinzelelo lwe-hydrogen emva kwe-500, i-2000, i-5000, i-10000 kunye ne-20000 emva kokuqala kwenkqubo yokufunxa i-hydrogen kwimeko ye-3 kunye ne-4.
Itheyibhile 5 ishwankathela ubude bexesha lokuthathwa kwe-hydrogen kuzo zonke iimeko.Ukongeza, itheyibhile ikwabonisa ixesha lokufunxa i-hydrogen, echazwe njengepesenti.Le pesenti ibalwa ngokusekelwe kwixesha lokufunxa kwi-Case 1. Ukususela kule theyibhile, ixesha lokufunxa i-MH i-reactor usebenzisa i-HCHE malunga ne-45,000 ukuya kwi-46,000 s, kwaye ixesha lokufunxa libandakanya i-SCHE malunga ne-18,000 ukuya kwi-19,000 s.Xa kuthelekiswa ne-Case 1, ixesha lokufunxa kwi-Case 2 kunye ne-Case 3 yancitshiswa kuphela yi-1.6% kunye ne-2.7%, ngokulandelanayo.Xa usebenzisa i-SCHE endaweni ye-HCHE, ixesha lokufunxa lancitshiswa kakhulu ukusuka kwi-4 ukuya kwimeko yesi-6, ukusuka kwi-58% ukuya kwi-61%.Kucacile ukuba ukongezwa kwe-SCHE kwi-reactor ye-MH kuphucula kakhulu inkqubo ye-hydrogen absorption kunye nokusebenza kwe-MH ye-reactor.Nangona ukufakwa komtshintshi wokushisa ngaphakathi kwi-reactor ye-MH kunciphisa amandla okugcina, le teknoloji ibonelela ngokuphucuka okukhulu ekugqithiseni ukushisa xa kuthelekiswa nobunye ubuchwepheshe.Kwakhona, ukunciphisa ixabiso le-pitch kuya kwandisa umthamo we-SCHE, okubangela ukuhla komthamo we-MH.Kwimeko ye-6 kunye nenani eliphezulu le-SCHE, umthamo we-MH we-volumetric wancitshiswa kuphela nge-5% xa kuthelekiswa necala le-1 kunye nenani eliphantsi le-HCHE.Ukongezelela, ngexesha lokufunxa, ityala le-6 libonise ngokukhawuleza kunye nokusebenza okungcono kunye nokunciphisa i-61% ngexesha lokufunxa.Ngoko ke ityala lesi-6 lakhethwa ukuba liphandwe ngakumbi kuhlalutyo lovakalelo.Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ixesha elide lokuthatha i-hydrogen lidibene netanki yokugcina equkethe umthamo we-MH malunga ne-2000 cm3.
Iiparamitha zokusebenza ngexesha lokuphendula zizinto ezibalulekileyo ezichaphazela kakuhle okanye kakubi ukusebenza kwe-reactor ye-MH phantsi kweemeko zangempela.Olu pho nonongo luqwalasela uhlalutyo lovakalelo ukugqiba iiparameters ezifanelekileyo zokuqala zokusebenza kwi-MH i-reactor ngokudibanisa ne-SCHE, kwaye eli candelo liphanda iiparamitha ezine eziphambili ezisekelwe kwi-configuration ye-reactor efanelekileyo kwimeko ye-6. Iziphumo zazo zonke iimeko zokusebenza ziboniswa Isazobe 8.
Igrafu yoxinaniso lwe-hydrogen phantsi kweemeko ezahlukeneyo zokusebenza xa usebenzisa umtshintshi wokushisa kunye ne-semi-cylindrical coil.(a) uxinzelelo lomthwalo, (b) ubushushu bokuqala bebhedi, (c) inombolo yesipholisi seReynolds, kunye (d) neqondo lokupholisa lendawo yokupholisa.
Ngokusekelwe kwiqondo lokushisa lokuqala eliqhubekayo le-573 K kunye nesantya sokupholisa kunye nenani le-Reynolds le-14,000, iingcinezelo ezine ezahlukeneyo zokulayisha zakhethwa: 1.2 MPa, 1.8 MPa, 2.4 MPa, kunye ne-3.0 MPa.Kwikhiwane.I-8a ibonisa umphumo wokulayisha uxinzelelo kunye ne-SCHE kwi-concentration ye-hydrogen ngexesha.Ixesha lokufunxa liyancipha ngokunyuka koxinzelelo lokulayisha.Ukusebenzisa uxinzelelo lwe-hydrogen olusetyenzisiweyo lwe-1.2 MPa yimeko embi kakhulu yenkqubo yokufunxa i-hydrogen, kwaye ixesha lokufunxa lidlula i-26,000 s ukufezekisa i-90% ye-hydrogen absorption.Nangona kunjalo, uxinzelelo oluphezulu lokulayisha lubangele ukuncipha kwe-32-42% kwixesha lokufunxa ukusuka kwi-1.8 ukuya kwi-3.0 MPa.Oku kungenxa yoxinzelelo oluphezulu lokuqala lwe-hydrogen, olubangela ukubahluko omkhulu phakathi koxinzelelo lokulinganisa kunye noxinzelelo olusetyenzisiweyo.Ke ngoko, oku kudala amandla amakhulu okuqhubela i-hydrogen kinetics.Ngethuba lokuqala, igesi ye-hydrogen ixutywa ngokukhawuleza ngenxa yomahluko omkhulu phakathi koxinzelelo lokulinganisa kunye noxinzelelo olusetyenzisiweyo57.Kuxinzelelo lokulayisha lwe-3.0 MPa, i-18% ye-hydrogen iqokelelwe ngokukhawuleza ngexesha lemizuzwana yokuqala ye-10.I-Hydrogen yagcinwa kwi-90% ye-reactors kwinqanaba lokugqibela le-15460 s.Nangona kunjalo, kuxinzelelo lokulayisha lwe-1.2 kwi-1.8 MPa, ixesha lokufunxa lancitshiswa kakhulu nge-32%.Olunye uxinzelelo oluphezulu lube nefuthe elincinci ekuphuculeni amaxesha okufunxa.Ngoko ke, kucetyiswa ukuba uxinzelelo lokulayisha lwe-reactor ye-MH-SCHE ibe yi-1.8 MPa.Icandelo elongezelelweyo libonisa iicontours zoxinaniso lwe-hydrogen kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zoxinzelelo lokulayisha kwi-15500 s.
Ukukhethwa kokushisa okufanelekileyo kokuqala kwe-reactor ye-MH yenye yezinto eziphambili ezichaphazela inkqubo ye-hydrogen adsorption, njengoko ichaphazela amandla okuqhuba i-hydride formation reaction.Ukufunda umphumo we-SCHE kwiqondo lokushisa lokuqala le-reactor ye-MH, amaqondo okushisa amane ahlukeneyo akhethwe kwingcinezelo yokulayisha rhoqo ye-1.8 MPa kunye nenombolo ye-Reynolds ye-14,000 HTF.Kwikhiwane.Umzobo we-8b ubonisa ukuthelekiswa kwamaqondo okushisa okuqala ahlukeneyo, kuquka i-473K, i-523K, i-573K, kunye ne-623K.Enyanisweni, xa ubushushu bungaphezulu kwe-230 ° C okanye i-503K58, i-alloy ye-Mg2Ni ineempawu ezisebenzayo zenkqubo yokufunxa i-hydrogen.Nangona kunjalo, kumzuzu wokuqala wenaliti ye-hydrogen, ubushushu bukhuphuka ngokukhawuleza.Ngenxa yoko, ubushushu bomgangatho weMG buya kudlula i-523 K. Ngoko ke, ukubunjwa kwee-hydrides kuququzelelwe ngenxa yokunyuka kweqondo lokunyuka kwe-53.Ukususela kwikhiwane.Inokubonwa kumfanekiso we-8b ukuba i-hydrogen ifunxwa ngokukhawuleza njengoko ubushushu bokuqala bomgangatho we-MB buyancipha.Uxinzelelo oluphantsi lokulinganisa lwenzeka xa ubushushu bokuqala buphantsi.Okukhona umahluko omkhulu woxinzelelo phakathi koxinzelelo olulinganayo kunye noxinzelelo olusetyenzisiweyo, ngokukhawuleza inkqubo yokufunxa i-hydrogen.Kwiqondo lobushushu lokuqala le-473 K, i-hydrogen ifunxwa ngokukhawuleza ukuya kuthi ga kwi-27% kwimizuzwana eyi-18 yokuqala.Ukongeza, ixesha lokufunxa liphinde lancitshiswa ukusuka kwi-11% ukuya kwi-24% kwiqondo lokushisa elisezantsi xa kuthelekiswa nobushushu bokuqala be-623 K. Ixesha lokufunxa kwiqondo lokushisa eliphantsi kakhulu le-473 K yi-15247 s, elifana nelona lihle kakhulu. ukulayisha uxinzelelo lwetyala, nangona kunjalo, ukuhla kobushushu bokuqala be-reactor kukhokelela ekunciphiseni komthamo wokugcina we-hydrogen.Ubushushu bokuqala be-reactor ye-MN kufuneka ubuncinane bube yi-503 K53.Ukongeza, kwiqondo lokushisa lokuqala le-573 K53, ubuninzi bokugcina umthamo we-hydrogen we-3.6 wt% unokufumaneka.Ngokumalunga nomthamo wokugcina i-hydrogen kunye nobude bexesha lokufunxa, amaqondo obushushu phakathi kwe-523 kunye ne-573 K anciphisa ixesha nge-6 kuphela.Ngoko ke, ukushisa kwe-573 K kucetywayo njengokushisa kokuqala kwe-reactor ye-MH-SCHE.Nangona kunjalo, umphumo weqondo lokushisa lokuqala kwinkqubo yokufunxa yayingabalulekanga kakhulu xa kuthelekiswa noxinzelelo lokulayisha.Icandelo elongezelelweyo libonisa i-contours yoxinaniso lwe-hydrogen kubushushu obuhlukeneyo bokuqala kwi-15500 s.
Isantya sokuhamba ngenye yeeparitha eziphambili ze-hydrogenation kunye ne-dehydrogenation kuba inokuchaphazela i-turbulence kunye nokususwa kobushushu okanye igalelo ngexesha le-hydrogenation kunye ne-dehydrogenation59.Amazinga aphezulu okuqukuqela aya kudala izigaba zesiphithiphithi kwaye abangele ukuhamba kwamanzi ngokukhawuleza kwityhubhu ye-HTF.Oku kusabela kuya kubangela ukudluliselwa kobushushu ngokukhawuleza.Isantya sokungena esahlukileyo se-HTF sibalwa ngokusekelwe kumanani e-Reynolds ka-10,000, 14,000, 18,000, kunye nama-22,000.Ukushisa kokuqala komgangatho weMG kulungiswe kwi-573 K kunye noxinzelelo lokulayisha kwi-1.8 MPa.Iziphumo kwifig.I-8c ibonisa ukuba ukusebenzisa inani eliphezulu le-Reynolds kudityaniswe ne-SCHE kukhokelela kwizinga eliphezulu lokuthatha.Njengoko inani le-Reynolds linyuka ukusuka kwi-10,000 ukuya kwi-22,000, ixesha lokufunxa liyancipha malunga ne-28-50%.Ixesha lokufunxa kwinani le-Reynolds lama-22,000 yimizuzwana eyi-12,505, elingaphantsi kobushushu bokulayisha bokuqala kunye noxinzelelo.Iicontours zeHydrogen zamanani ahlukeneyo eReynolds kwi-GTP kwi-12500 s ziboniswe kwicandelo elongezelelweyo.
Isiphumo se-SCHE kubushushu bokuqala be-HTF sihlalutywa kwaye siboniswe kumfanekiso 8d.Kwiqondo lokushisa lokuqala leMG ye-573 K kunye noxinzelelo lokulayisha i-hydrogen ye-1.8 MPa, amaqondo okushisa amane okuqala akhethwa kolu hlalutyo: 373 K, 473 K, 523 K, kunye ne-573 K. 8d ibonisa ukuba ukwehla kwiqondo lokushisa lokupholisa. kwindawo yokungena kukhokelela ekunciphiseni ixesha lokufunxa.Xa kuthelekiswa nemeko yesiseko kunye nokushisa kwe-inlet ye-573 K, ixesha lokufunxa lancitshiswa malunga ne-20%, i-44% kunye ne-56% yokushisa kwe-inlet ye-523 K, 473 K kunye ne-373 K, ngokulandelanayo.Kwi-6917 s, ukushisa kokuqala kwe-GTF ngu-373 K, i-hydrogen concentration kwi-reactor yi-90%.Oku kunokuchazwa ngokugqithiselwa kobushushu obuguquguqukayo obuphuculweyo phakathi komaleko weMG kunye neHCS.Amaqondo obushushu asezantsi e-HTF aya kwandisa ukutshatyalaliswa kobushushu kwaye abangele ukunyuka kwe-hydrogen.Phakathi kwazo zonke iiparameters zokusebenza, ukuphucula ukusebenza kwe-reactor ye-MH-SCHE ngokunyusa ukushisa kwe-HTF yokungena kwakuyeyona ndlela ifanelekileyo, ekubeni ixesha lokuphela kwenkqubo yokufunxa yayingaphantsi kwe-7000 s, ngelixa ixesha elifutshane lokufunxa ezinye iindlela lalingaphezulu. ngaphezu kwe-10000 s.Iicontours zoxinaniso lweHydrojeni zinikezelwa kubushushu obahlukeneyo bokuqala be-GTP kwi-7000 s.
Olu phononongo lubonisa okokuqala i-semi-cylindrical coil exchanger heat exchanger edibeneyo kwiyunithi yokugcina i-hydride yesinyithi.Ikhono lenkqubo ecetywayo yokufunxa i-hydrogen yaphandwa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zokutshintshwa kobushushu.Impembelelo yeeparamitha zokusebenza kutshintshiselwano lobushushu phakathi komgangatho we-hydride yesinyithi kunye nesipholisi saphandwa ukuze kufunyanwe iimeko ezifanelekileyo zokugcina iihydrides zetsimbi usebenzisa isitshintshi sobushushu esitsha.Iziphumo eziphambili zolu phononongo zishwankathelwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
Nge-semi-cylindrical coil exchanger heat, ukuhanjiswa kobushushu kuphuculwe kuba kunokusasazwa kobushushu obufanayo kwi-reactor ye-magnesium layer, okukhokelela kwisantya esingcono sokufunxa i-hydrogen.Ngaphandle kokuba umthamo wetyhubhu yokutshintshiselana kobushushu kunye ne-hydride yensimbi ihlala ingatshintshi, ixesha lokusabela kwe-absorption lincitshiswe kakhulu ngama-59% xa kuthelekiswa ne-coil coil heat exchanger.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jan-15-2023